Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Sep 2020
Review[Targeted Early Detection and Prevention of Hereditary Colorectal Carcinomas].
Every year, about 60 000 people in Germany contract colo-rectal carcinoma. Hereditary factors are the cause in approx. 5 % and those affected often fall ill at a young age. ⋯ The identification of persons at risk enables a targeted early detection and prevention of cancer as an important interdisciplinary medical task. The current AWMF guideline "Colorectal carcinoma" makes concrete statements in this regard.
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A "smoke-free" society is assumed if less than 5 % of a population smoke. We predict when this goal could be reached in Germany. To reduce the proportion of smokers in the population, the World Health Organization recommends a bundle of measures (MPOWER) that should minimize both the supply of and the demand for tobacco. The current level of implementation of these recommendations in Germany is presented. ⋯ After various tobacco prevention measures were implemented, a trend towards non-smoking began in Germany. The continual price increase recommended by the World Health Organization, the further restriction of availability, the ban on all tobacco advertising and promotion, the support of smoking cessation as well as the education of the population appear to be necessary to reinforce this trend and to achieve the health policy goal of a smoke-free society in 2040.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Sep 2020
Review[Acute and chronic diarrhea: a roadmap to differential diagnosis and therapy].
Diarrhea is among the most frequently reported symptoms in clinical practice. Acute diarrhea is usually caused by infectious agents with a self-limited disease course. In contrast, differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea may be challenging. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an overview on the causes, pathomechanisms, differential diagnosis and clinical management of acute and chronic diarrhea in adults.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Sep 2020
Review[Malnutrition In older people - Screening And Assessment].
Malnutrition is widespread in older people and if not treated leads to numerous negative clinical consequences, such as functional decline and in-hospital complications as well as increased health care costs. Prerequisites for a successful prevention and therapy of malnutrition are the early identification of persons at risk or those affected and a detailed assessment of their nutritional situation. Based on the current literature, this article provides an overview of important aspects considered in the screening and assessment of malnutrition in older people, such as the use of malnutrition screening tools, the application of diagnostic criteria, the quantification of energy and protein deficiencies, the identification of potential causes of malnutrition and the determination of individual preferences and resources.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Sep 2020
Review[Meningitis, Meningoencephalitis - A Chameleon in (Emergency) Medicine].
A wide range of pathogens can cause meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Guiding symptoms of meningitis are headache, fever, nausea, vomiting and meningism. ⋯ An early start of therapy is crucial. In addition to rapid pathogen-specific treatment, specialized neurological intensive care medicine is life-saving.