International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Jul 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAttenuation of pulse rate and blood pressure response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation by clonidine.
Forty healthy patients (ASA class 1) of both sexes, aged between 20 and 45 years, undergoing routine surgical procedures were included in this double-blind randomized study. They were divided into two groups of 20 each. ⋯ Control patients showed a significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure; they were significantly lower in the clonidine treated group immediately after intubation (p less than 0.001). The data suggest that the rise in heart rate and blood pressure associated with laryngoscopy and intubation during a routine induction sequence can be attenuated by the use of oral clonidine.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · May 1986
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSaccadic eye movements in determination of the residual effects of the benzodiazepines.
Saccadic eye movements and the volunteers' subjective assessments were used in the determination of the residual effects of a single high evening dose of flunitrazepam 2 mg, midazolam 30 mg, and lorazepam 2.5 mg as well as in that of placebo. Sleep inducing and maintaining effects were subjectively assessed, too. Both flunitrazepam 2 mg, midazolam 30 mg, and lorazepam 2.5 mg possessed sleep inducing and increasing effects (n = 9), but in the number of nocturnal awakenings and quality of sleep no significant differences between placebo and the active medications were reported. ⋯ After three repeated 2 mg evening doses, flunitrazepam accumulated in the serum of the volunteers (n = 6), but the effect on saccadic eye movements as well as subjective side effects began to decrease already after one day's treatment. Thus, saccadic eye movement recording proved to be a useful tool in determining the residual effects and development of tolerance of benzodiazepines. No correlation was detected between the serum levels (radioreceptor assay) and saccadic eye movement recordings or subjective residual sequelae.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Nov 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPostextraction pain relief in children: a clinical trial of liquid analgesics.
Our objective was to evaluate the relative efficacies of four liquid analgesics in children, five to twelve years of age, following dental extractions. The analgesics, acetaminophen elixir (240 or 360 mg), acetaminophen with codeine elixir (240 mg and 24 mg, respectively), aluminum ibuprofen suspension (200 mg), and placebo liquid were administered at home, as a single dose, in a randomized double-blind study design. Of the 154 patients enrolled, 45 were evaluated, 39 patients never required medication, 12 were lost to follow-up, and 8 were excluded for other reasons. ⋯ The global rating of drug efficacy was statistically superior for aluminum ibuprofen. The majority of patients in all four groups were pain-free after four hours. No adverse reactions were reported during the study.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Apr 1981
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPropiram and codeine in episiotomy pain.
To evaluate relative efficacy, safety, and time course of analgesia, propiram fumarate (50 and 100 mg), a new narcotic agonist-antagonist, was compared with codeine sulfate (60 mg) and placebo in a clinical trial with a single peroral dose, parallel, stratified, randomized, and double-blind design involving 80 hospitalized postpartum women with medium or severe episiotomy pain. Using verbal subjective reports as index of response, patients rated pain intensity and side effects at periodic interviews for 6 h. Relative efficacy findings based on peak effects and summed pain-intensity differences suggested dose-dependent analgesia with propiram and also that 60 mg codeine lay between 50 mg propiram and placebo. ⋯ All three active drugs continued to act until the 5th or 6th h. Drowsiness was the only statistically significant side effect reported after propiram. These results suggest that single 50 or 100 mg doses of propiram were effective in episiotomy pain, induced stronger analgesia than 60 mg codeine, and took effect more rapidly.