Journal of immunology research
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Observational Study
The Symptoms and Medications of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Hubei Province after COVID-19 Epidemic.
The COVID-19 epidemic triggered by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly spreading around the globe. This study is aimed at finding out the suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Hubei province, China. We also investigated symptoms, medications, life quality, and psychological issues of IBD patients under the ongoing pandemic. ⋯ Inaccessibility to medications is a serious problem for IBD patients after city shutdown. Efforts have to be made to address the problems of drug withdrawal and psychological issues that IBD patients suffer from during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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The role of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-23 (IL-23), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been recognized in psoriasis pathogenesis, and new drugs targeting this axis have already been developed which may provide a new therapeutic approach for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. ⋯ IL-17, IL-12/23, and IL-23 inhibitors had high efficacy in the achievement of PASI 75, PASI 100, and sPGA 0/1 or IGA 0/1 or PGA 0/1 in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis after 12 or 16 weeks of treatment. IL-17 inhibitors showed superior efficacy. However, its clinical safety was poor. Risankizumab appeared to have relatively high efficacy and low risk. The clinical tolerance of other biological agents needs to be further observed.
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Mastocytosis is a condition characterized by the expansion and accumulation of mast cells (MCs) in various organs. The symptoms are related to the increased release of MC-derived mediators that exert local and distant effects. MCs are a source and target of phospholipase enzymes (PLs), which catalyze the cleavage of membrane phospholipids releasing lipid mediators (e.g., diacylglycerols (DAGs) and the endocannabinoid (EC) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)). To date, there are no data on the role of these lipid mediators in mastocytosis. Here, we analyzed plasma levels of PLA2, PLC, DAG, ECs, and EC-related N-acylethanolamines in patients with mastocytosis. ⋯ PLs and some lipid mediators are altered in patients with mastocytosis. Our results may pave the way for investigating the functions of these mediators in the pathophysiology of mastocytosis and provide new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Monoclonal Antibodies versus Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Combination with Bortezomib or Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: An Indirect-Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
During the past decades, agents with novel mechanisms of action, such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been applied to treat relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The treatment outcomes of MAbs versus HDACi in combination with bortezomib or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone remain unknown. We conducted this meta-analysis to compare indirectly the efficacy and safety of MAbs and HDACis in combination with bortezomib or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone. ⋯ Treatment with MAbs in combination with bortezomib or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone resulted in longer PFS (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.66-0.98), fewer incidences of at least grade 3 thrombocytopenia (RR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.23-0.53), neutropenia (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.96), and sense of fatigue (RR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.82) than HDACis. The daratumumab plus bortezomib or lenalidomide and dexamethasone might significantly improve PFS in comparison with HDACis plus bortezomib or lenalidomide and dexamethasone (HR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.40-0.74). In conclusion, MAbs may be superior to HDACis in achieving longer PFS and may be better tolerated when in combination therapy with bortezomib or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone.
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Review Meta Analysis
Risk of Immune-Related Pancreatitis in Patients with Solid Tumors Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Systematic Assessment with Meta-Analysis.
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the risk of immune-related pancreatitis associated with the treatment by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for solid tumors. Eligible studies were selected from multiple databases including phase II/III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with ICIs in solid tumor patients. The data were analyzed with Stata version 12.0 software. ⋯ However, the risk for pancreatitis after ICI treatment in any subgroup was not significantly higher than that after control therapy. In addition, compared with ipilimumab/nivolumab alone, the RR for all-grade and high-grade lipase elevation under combination treatment of nivolumab and ipilimumab was 6.43 (95% CI: 1.43-28.99, p = 0.015) and 6.44 (95% CI: 1.39-29.79, p = 0.017), respectively, and the RR for all-grade amylase elevation under combination treatment was 6.08 (95% CI: 1.51-24.44, p = 0.011). Our meta-analysis has demonstrated that both CTLA-4 inhibitors alone and combination treatment of nivolumab and ipilimumab could increase the risk of amylase or lipase elevation, but not significantly increase the risk of pancreatitis when compared with controls.