Vestnik oftalmologii
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Glaucoma is seen as a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by optical neuropathy with associated visual field loss; one of the main risk factors for its development is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). In the case of drug-induced glaucoma (DIG), patients develop elevated IOP, optic neuropathy and visual field defects associated with the use of certain drugs. Corticosteroids are one of the most well-known classes of drugs that can cause an increase in IOP through the open-angle mechanism. ⋯ It is important for medical practitioners to be aware of this unwanted drug reaction in order to prevent, detect and treat DIG. In the case of drug-induced increase in IOP, if the underlying disease allows discontinuation of drugs, this measure usually leads to normalization of IOP. In cases when the patient's IOP does not normalize after discontinuation of steroids or when they must continue to take corticosteroids, the administration of topical drugs for the treatment of glaucoma should be considered.
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Vestnik oftalmologii · Jan 2012
[The first experience of using an implant for upper eyelid loading in paralytic lagophthalmos].
The results of using an implant (weight) for upper eyelid loading to correct paralytic lagophthalmos in patients with chronic facial palsy are presented 7 patients (7 eyes) were included into the study. The weight was implanted into the upper eyelid and fixed to the tarsal plate. No intra- and postoperative complications caused by weight implantation into the upper eyelid were observed during 12 months of follow-up. The first experience of using of this method indicates an opportunity of effective lagophthalmos correction and significant corneal improvement.
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Vestnik oftalmologii · Nov 2008
Comparative Study[Ultrasound study of optic nerves in intracranial hypertension].
Ultrasonography was used to measure the standing of the optic disk (OD) and the diameter of the orbital segment of the optic nerve together with its tunics in a control group of the examinees, in patients with different stages of optic disk disease (ODD) and with clinical signs of intracranial hypertension in the absence of the ophthalmoscopic pattern of ODD. Eleven healthy volunteers and 168 patients with intracranial hypertension induced by brain tumors, hydrocephalus, and benign intracranial hypertension were examined. Ultrasonography revealed that there was a great difference in the standing of OD into the vitreous body in different stages of ODD, as evidenced by their comparison with that in the control group (healthy individuals), and a significant increase in the diameter of the optic nerve subtunicary space in patients with intracranial hypertension as compared with the controls. Intracranial hypertension regression as demonstrated by ultrasonography leads to a concurrent reduction in the previously increased diameter of the optic nerve subtunicary space and the standing of OD into the vitreous body.
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Eye diseases rank third in the structure of morbidity among children aged 0 to 17 years. Acquired myopathy is the leading abnormality in the structure of morbidity, with diminished vision being in 28% of preschool children and in every two school graduates. Myopia is attended by the signs of systemic connective tissue dysplasia and impaired circulation due to autonomic dysfunction. ⋯ Moreover, circulation improves, eye muscles become stronger, visual reflexes restore, and vision improves. A school oculist's room may be used as a new health-improving form in children with myopia. It should be set up in every school since the high efficiency of treatment for accommodation spasm is an important argument of the prevention of myopia, promotes a greater coverage of children with early myopia by means of therapeutic measures, as well as timely and contemporary prevention of progressive myopathy.