Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of a familiar scent on the behavioral and physiological pain responses in neonates.
There are adverse physiologic effects of pain in neonates, and effective pain management must be an essential aspect of neonatal care. In this study we assessed the effect of a nonmaternal familiar scent on the neonatal pain responses. This study included 135 neonates randomly assigned to one of three groups. ⋯ The duration of crying in the familiar scent group was significantly lower than in the two other groups. Comparison of the physiologic parameters showed less variation in oxygen saturation level during arterial puncture in the familiar scent group. In this study, a familiar scent could reduce crying and oxygen consumption during arterial puncture.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The use of oral sucrose for procedural pain relief in infants up to six months of age: a randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oral sucrose in decreasing pain during minor procedures in infants of 1-6 months corrected age. A blinded randomized controlled trial with infants aged 4-26 weeks who underwent venipuncture, heel lance or intravenous cannulation were stratified by corrected age into > 4-12 weeks and > 12-26 weeks. They received 2 mL of either 25% sucrose or sterile water orally 2 minutes before the painful procedure. ⋯ Infants aged > 4-12 weeks who did nonnutritional sucking showed statistically significantly lower median pain scores at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure than those who did not suck. Infants aged > 4-26 weeks exhibited pain behavior scores that indicated moderate to large pain during painful procedures; however, there was insufficient evidence to show that 2 mL 25% sucrose had a statistically significant effect in decreasing pain. Infants should be offered nonnutritional sucking in compliance with the Baby Friendly Health Initiative during painful procedures.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Music provided through a portable media player (iPod) blunts pain during physical therapy.
This research studied, 25 adult patients who underwent physical therapy to assess the analgesic effect of distraction with the use of music during physical therapy. Patients randomly underwent physical therapy once with music provided by an iPod and once without music. In both sessions patients underwent identical physical procedures. ⋯ Enjoyment (8.5 ± 1.6), interaction (8.3 ± 1.9), and satisfaction (8.6 ± 1.7) scores with music did not significantly differ in the sessions without music (8.5 ± 2.1, 8.5 ± 1.9, and, 8.5 ± 1.5, respectively); mean stress score was, 3.9 in both sessions. The conclusion of the study is that music provided through a portable media player has an analgesic effect. This can be an effective analgesic strategy during painful physical therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cranial electrical stimulation improves symptoms and functional status in individuals with fibromyalgia.
To investigate the effects of microcurrent cranial electrical stimulation (CES) therapy on reducing pain and its associated symptoms in fibromyalgia (FM), we conducted a randomized, controlled, three-group (active CES device, sham device, and usual care alone [UC]), double-blind study to determine the potential benefit of CES therapy for symptom management in FM. Those individuals using the active CES device had a greater decrease in average pain (p = .023), fatigue (p = .071), and sleep disturbance (p = .001) than individuals using the sham device or those receiving usual care alone over time. Additionally, individuals using the active CES device had improved functional status versus the sham device and UC groups over time (p = .028).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of a virtual pain coach on pain management discussions: a pilot study.
There is a need to enhance patient and practitioner pain communications. A pain communication plus virtual pain coach intervention was tested in the primary care setting for the effect on communication of osteoarthritis pain information by older adults aged ≥60 years, on practitioners' pain management changes, and on older adults' reduced pain and depressive symptoms 1 month later. A randomized controlled pilot study design was used. ⋯ Older adults in the pain communication plus virtual pain coach group described significantly more pain source information and were prescribed significantly more osteoarthritis pain treatments than older adults in the pain communication-only group. A nonsignificant trend in pain intensity and depressive symptoms reduction resulted for older adults in the pain communication plus virtual pain coach group 1 month later. The virtual pain coach presents a possible strategy for increasing pain management discussions between practitioners and older adults with persistent pain.