Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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The purpose of this study was to describe the types of pain information described by older adults with chronic osteoarthritis pain. Pain descriptions were obtained from older adults' who participated in a post-test-only double-blind study testing how the phrasing of health care practitioners' pain questions affected the amount of communicated pain information. The 207 community-dwelling older adults were randomized to respond to either the open-ended or the closed-ended pain question. ⋯ Pain treatment information was elicited after repeated questioning. Therefore, practitioners need to follow up older adults' initial pain descriptions with pain questions that promote a more complete pain management discussion. Routine use of a multidimensional pain assessment instrument that measures information such as functional interference, current pain treatments, treatment effects, and side effects would be one way of ensuring a more complete pain management discussion with older adults.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Postoperative pain management discharge teaching in a rural population.
With health care increasingly administered on an outpatient and in-home basis, the knowledge and education of any patient population including discharged postoperative patients are essential ingredients to optimal pain management. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate in a rural setting a predischarge patient education intervention focused on self pain management of uncomplicated postsurgical patients after being discharged home. ⋯ One week after discharge, 68 patients (47%) returned a completed a post-test knowledge and experience questionnaire, Brief Pain Inventory, and a patient pain log used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Results indicated that although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding knowledge and experience about pain, postoperative pain, and interference of pain with activities of daily living 1 week after discharge, those that received the intervention had lower pain scores and less interference of pain with activities.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Racial variation in response to music in a sample of African-American and Caucasian chronic pain patients.
The incidence of chronic pain is similar in African-American and Caucasian populations; however, depression and disability secondary to unrelieved chronic pain is higher in African-American populations. In light of this difference, it is important to understand racial variations in response to chronic pain treatments, including complementary therapies such as music. The purpose of this study was to examine racial variation in response to music in an adult population with chronic pain, and specifically to determine if post treatment pain scores differed by race. ⋯ However, this difference was only statistically significant for the Caucasian music group. Although our findings demonstrate that music may be an effective intervention for individuals with chronic nonmalignant pain; individuals from different racial backgrounds may respond differently. Further studies are needed to understand these differences in response to music.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Older adult pain communication and the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form.
A randomized control group design with 106 community-dwelling older adults was used to test how completing the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) affected the osteoarthritis pain information reported by older adults responding to an open-ended pain question. The treatment group responded to the BPI-SF and then to the open-ended pain question. The control group responded first to the open-ended pain question, and then to the BPI-SF. ⋯ Responding to the BPI-SF did not assist older adults to describe additional pain information when responding to an open-ended pain question, but responding to an open-ended pain question did significantly increase the amount of functional pain interference reported on the BPI-SF. Practitioners and researchers should be aware of the potential difference in BPI-SF functional pain interference response depending on whether pain is discussed before or after administering the BPI-SF. Discussing pain before completing the BPI-SF might prompt older adults to think more about how pain interferes with their daily life.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Kangaroo Care (skin contact) reduces crying response to pain in preterm neonates: pilot results.
Crying commonly occurs in response to heel stick and adversely affects the infant's physiologic stability. Minimal crying in response to pain is desired. "Kangaroo Care," skin contact between mother and infant, reduces pain and may reduce crying in response to pain. The purpose of this pilot study was to test Kangaroo Care's effect on the preterm infant's audible and inaudible crying response to heel stick. ⋯ Crying time differed between the study phases on both days (p