Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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To determine the effectiveness of cervical transforaminal injection of steroids (CTFIS) and to explore possible determinants of response in patients with cervical disc herniation. ⋯ Only a minority of patients with disc herniation or spondylosis and a proven nerve root compression benefits from CTFIS. The potential advantage for the patient must be compared with the risk of the procedure. Even with the combination of clinical and radiological findings, the prediction of a favorable outcome of CTFIS was not possible.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pain beliefs predict pain intensity and pain status in children: usefulness of the pediatric version of the survey of pain attitudes.
Pain attitudes and beliefs are hypothesized to influence pain and adjustment to pain. Valid and reliable measures of these beliefs are necessary to test their hypothesized associations with outcomes. The Pediatric version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (Peds-SOPA) is a new measure with limited evidence regarding its psychometric properties. This study sought to: 1) evaluate the predictive validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Peds-SOPA; and 2) determine if there are sex- or age-related differences in children's attitudes toward pain. ⋯ The current findings provide additional support for the reliability and validity of the Peds-SOPA, and suggest that children's pain attitudes and beliefs might be important intervention targets in pain treatment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Single-entity hydrocodone extended-release capsules in opioid-tolerant subjects with moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
A single-agent, extended-release formulation of hydrocodone (HC) has been developed for treatment of chronic moderate-to-severe pain. This study was designed to examine the safety and efficacy of HC extended release in opioid-experienced adults with moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain (CLBP). ⋯ Extended-release HC is well tolerated and effective, without acetaminophen-associated risks of liver toxicity, for treatment of CLBP.
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In the absence of a suitable reference standard, diagnostic local anesthetic blocks cannot be validated in the manner conventionally used for diagnostic tests. Consequently, diagnostic blocks are vulnerable to criticism for lacking validity, or being "not proven." ⋯ The eight criteria provide an axiomatic, philosophical basis for diagnostic blocks in general, and serve to show what empirical evidence needs to be gathered in order to validate a particular block. The associated metric allows the scientific evidence for different blocks to be quantified and compared.
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Postoperative pain in complex ophthalmic surgical procedures: comparing practice with guidelines.
To analyze the management of postoperative pain after complex ophthalmic surgery and to compare it to the guidelines. ⋯ Postoperative pain management and perioperative care of patients undergoing major ophthalmic surgery indicates lack of attention towards pain intensity and postoperative analgesia. Appropriate interventions should be employed to improve postoperative pain management, to facilitate patient recovery.