Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Endocannabinoid and Opioid System Interactions in Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia.
The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between the endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid (eCB) systems in a pain modulatory process known as exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). ⋯ As reductions in pain (i.e., EIH) were observed following both conditions, these results suggest that the opioid system may not be the primary system involved in exercise-induced hypoalgesia and that 2-AG and 2-OG could contribute to nonopioid exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Moreover, as exercise-induced increases in AEA and OEA were blocked by naltrexone pretreatment, this suggests that the opioid system may be involved in the increase of AEA and OEA following exercise.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Observational Study
Clinical and Economic Long-Term Treatment Outcome of Children and Adolescents with Disabling Chronic Pain.
Disabling pediatric chronic pain is accompanied by a significant burden to those affected and by high societal costs. Furthermore, it bears the risk of aggravation into adulthood. Studies have shown intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment to result in short-term positive effects on pain-related and psychological outcomes. In this study, we aimed to prove the stability of the long-term effects of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment four years after treatment. ⋯ The results of this study support the long-term effectiveness of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment and indicate that it can interrupt pain chronification. Future research is warranted to investigate why some of the adolescents did not show improvement and to allow for a more individualized treatment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of the Impact of Physical Exercise in Reducing Pain in Women Undergoing Mammography: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
To evaluate the efficacy of exercise prior to mammography in reducing perceived postexamination pain. ⋯ Pre-examination upper limb exercises were most effective in reducing the perception and sensation of pain. However, women who performed lower limb exercises also had a decreased perception of pain compared with the control group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Central Sensitization Is Modulated Following Trigger Point Anesthetization in Patients with Chronic Pain from Whiplash Trauma. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.
Central sensitization (CS) with low peripheral pain thresholds (PPTs) is a common finding among patients with chronic pain after whiplash (CPWI). While it has been proposed that myofascial myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) may act as modulators of central sensitization, previously reported findings are conflicting and inconclusive. The present study was designed to investigate immediate responsiveness of CS to alterations in nociceptive input. ⋯ CS, as expressed by lowered PPT, is a rapidly adjusting physiological response to nociceptive stimuli in some patients with chronic pain after whiplash. PPT are likely modulated by myofascial tender points in selected patients with CS. With reference to the present findings, surgical ablation of MTrPs is discussed as a potential treatment modality for CS.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Auricular Point Acupressure on Axial Neck Pain After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
To evaluate the effect of auricular point acupressure (APA) on axial neck pain after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery. ⋯ The findings supported the therapeutic effect of APA treatment on axial neck pain after ACDF surgery, and they exert the possible therapeutic effect on downregulating the levels of plasma IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.