Trauma monthly
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Several researchers have suggested that addition of local anesthetics to spinal anesthesia increases the duration of post-operative analgesia. ⋯ Clonidine plus bupivacaine can increase the duration of motor and sensory block in arthroscopic cruciate ligament repair under spinal anesthesia. However, due to significant hemodynamic changes, further studies are required to determine a safer dose.
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Anterior shoulder dislocation (ASD) is one of the most common reasons for referrals to emergency departments (ED). Usually, a combination of an intravenous narcotic and a benzodiazepine is used for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in such cases. ⋯ It seems that propofol and fentanyl can be used as a safe and fast combination for PSA in the reduction of ASD.
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Prolonged hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) can impose long-term psychological effects on patients. One of the most significant psychological effects from prolonged hospitalization is delirium. ⋯ Family members are valuable components in the therapeutic process of delirium. Effective use of family members in the delirium caring process can be considered to be one of the key non-medical nursing components in the therapeutic process.