The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Physical therapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT) versus usual care physical therapy for adults with chronic low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major cause of global disability and improving management is essential. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a promising treatment for chronic pain but has not been modified for physical therapy. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared physical therapy informed by ACT (PACT) against standard care physical therapy for patients with CLBP. ⋯ The training and support included in the PACT trial enabled the intervention to be delivered as planned. This successfully reduced disability in the short but not long term. Findings could inform physical therapists' treatment of CLBP.
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Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major, dose-limiting side effect of treatment with neurotoxic cancer treatments which can result in long-term impairment. Deficits often reflect a large fiber polyneuropathy, however small fiber involvement resulting in neuropathic pain and autonomic dysfunction can occur. Quantification of both CIPN and small fiber neuropathy (SFN) remains a challenge. ⋯ Accurately identifying subgroups of patients with neuropathic symptoms which may respond to existing pain medication may reduce the impact of CIPN and improve long-term quality of life as well as provide better categorization of patients for future clinical trials of neuroprotective and treatment strategies for CIPN. PERSPECTIVE: This review provides a critical analysis of SFN associated with neurotoxic cancer treatments and the assessment tools for evaluating small fiber dysfunction in cancer patients. Quantification of small fiber involvement in CIPN will assist in identifying subgroups of patients with neuropathic symptoms which may respond to existing pain medications.
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Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) are a set of painful chronic conditions characterized by high levels of co-occurrence. It has been hypothesized that COPCs co-occur in many cases because of common neurobiological vulnerabilities. In practice, most research on COPCs has focused upon a single index condition with little effort to assess comorbid painful conditions. ⋯ The codes presented can facilitate administrative database research on COPCs. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents a set of ICD-10 codes that researchers can use to explore the presence and overlap of COPCs in administrative databases. This may serve as a tool for estimating samples for research, exploring comorbidities, and treatments for individual COPCs, and identifying mechanisms associated with their overlap.
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The present study examined how multiple chronic pain conditions and pain sites are associated with sociodemographics, chronic pain adjustment profiles, and emotional distress. A total of 2,407 individuals who reported at least 6 months of having consistent pain severity, pain interference, and/or emotional burden due to pain were recruited through random digit dialing across the United States. Participants' chronic pain adjustment profiles (ie, pain intensity, pain interference, emotional burden, pain catastrophizing, pain coping, pain attitudes, and social resources) were assessed. ⋯ Having multiple pain conditions and sites may represent a psychosocial barrier to successful adjustment to chronic pain. PERSPECTIVE: This article argues for the importance of assessing the number of co-occurring chronic pain conditions and bodily areas that are affected by pain in both pain research and clinical settings. Measuring and incorporating such information could potentially enhance our nascent understanding of the adjustment processes of chronic pain.
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Research in adult populations indicates that several sociodemographic and environmental variables increase risk for pain and poor outcomes. There is little research exploring the impact of household income, health insurance coverage, barriers to health care, neighborhood and school safety, violence experienced, and neighborhood isolation on pediatric chronic pain. Data from the Add Health Study, a longitudinal examination of a nationally-representative adolescent sample were analyzed. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: Adolescents with chronic pain had lower income, and more health care barriers, safety concerns, and violence exposure compared to those without chronic pain. Access to care is a significant problem in youth with chronic pain. The relationships between race/ethnicity, risk factors, and health outcomes are complex and require additional research.