The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is an approach used in the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Previous reviews on PNE and other pain interventions, have focused on mean treatment effects, but in the context of "precision medicine," any inter-individual differences in treatment response are also important to quantify. If inter-individual differences are present, and predictors identified, PNE could be tailored to certain people for optimizing effectiveness. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: We bring a novel method to pain science for calculating inter-individual differences in response to a treatment. This is conductedwithin the context of a systematic review and meta-analysis on PNE. We highlight how using erroneous methods for calculating inter-individual differences can drastically change conclusions when compared to appropriate methods.
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Review Meta Analysis
Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in healthy individuals and people with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a reduction in pain that occurs during or following exercise. Randomized controlled studies published from 1980 to January 2020 that examined experimentally induced pain before and during/following a single bout of exercise in healthy individuals or people with chronic musculoskeletal pain were systematically reviewed. Data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses and studies were appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE. ⋯ Registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42018085886. PERSPECTIVE: Based on low-quality data from small samples, a single bout of aerobic exercise reduces experimental pain in healthy individuals. The evidence is unclear in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain but warrants further investigation due to the limited number of studies in these populations.