The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Persistent post-surgical pain (PPSP) is one of the most bothersome and disabling long-term complications after inguinal hernia repair (IHR) surgery. Understanding perioperative risk factors that contribute to PPSP can help identify high-risk patients and develop risk-mitigation approaches. The objective of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze risk factors that contribute to PPSP after IHR. ⋯ Future studies should assess and report comprehensive preoperative and perioperative risk factors for PPSP adjusted for confounding factors, and develop risk-prediction models to drive stratified PPSP-mitigation trials and personalized clinical decision-making. PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=154663 PERSPECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the current evidence on risk factors for persistent pain after inguinal hernia repair. The findings can help identify patients at risk and test personalized risk-mitigation approaches to prevent pain.
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Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability globally, with Nigeria having one of the greatest burdens. A current episode of LBP is important in Nigeria, but the associated factors are unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, biomechanical and psychosocial factors associated with a current episode of LBP amongst 700 adult market traders with previous LBP in an urban Nigerian population. ⋯ Occupational biomechanical factors, particularly handling large and bulky objects at arm's length, and kneeling and squatting produced the greatest risk of a current episode of LBP. PERSPECTIVE: Occupational biomechanical factors, occupational psychosocial factors, and personal psychosocial factors such as anxiety and fear avoidance beliefs are associated with a current episode of LBP in Nigeria. Pragmatic public health and occupational health initiatives that modify exposure to these factors may be required in Nigeria.
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Improvements in fetal ultrasound have allowed for the diagnosis and treatment of fetal diseases in the uterus, often though surgery. However, little attention has been drawn to the assessment of fetal pain. To address this gap, a fetal pain scoring system, known as the Fetal-7 scale, was developed. ⋯ Further research is warranted to explore the presence of post-operative pain in fetuses and its effects afterbirth. PERSPECTIVE: Recordings with three-dimension ultrasound of human fetuses undergoing pre-operative anesthetic injections revealed complex facial expressions during acute pain, similar to those collected in newborns. This study presented the validation process and cut-off value of the Fetal-7 scale, paving the way for the study of pain before birth in humans.
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The aims of this study were to phenotype pain in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) by investigating the association between sensitization-associated symptoms with quality of life, anxiety/depression, pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia levels, and, identifying those risk factors explaining the variance of quality of life in individuals with ILD and pain. One hundred and thirty-two (38.6% women, mean age: 70, SD: 10.5 years) patients with ILD completed clinical (age, sex, height, weight), psychological (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) variables as well as the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), the Self-administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) questionnaires. The prevalence of sensitization-associated symptomatology (CSI), neuropathic-like features (S-LANSS), anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms or poor sleep was 20.5%, 23.5%, 23.6%, 22.9% or 51.6%. ⋯ Sensitization-associated symptoms, depression and kinesiophobia were associated with worse quality of life. These findings would support that individuals with ILD can exhibit different pain phenotypes, including nociplastic like pain phenotype, based on self-reported measurements. PERSPECTIVE: Pain in patients with interstitial lung disease can fulfill features of different phenotypes, including nociplastic pain, when sensory, emotional and cognitive mechanisms are involved at the same time.
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Poor oral health conditions in adults are associated to chronic pain. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the link between tooth loss and chronic pain. The study involved 8,662 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ⋯ Those with severe tooth loss had increased odds of chronic pain. Edentulous individuals presented higher odds of pain in lower extremities and buttocks. This study highlighted the link between tooth loss and chronic pain, independent of comorbidities and lifestyle factors.