Chinese clinical oncology
-
Chinese clinical oncology · Apr 2020
ReviewA narrative review of tropisetron and palonosetron for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Review the clinical evidence of tropisetron or palonosetron, an old- and new-generation serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist (RA), respectively, for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with cancer, and evaluate any difference in efficacy trends. A literature search of the EMBASE and PubMed databases was performed to identify publications of intravenous (IV) tropisetron (generic forms or Navoban®) for the treatment of CINV in patients with various cancers. Data from the pivotal clinical studies evaluating the IV formulation of Aloxi® (palonosetron HCl) were also considered. ⋯ Conversely, tropisetron was no more efficacious than ondansetron or granisetron. Both tropisetron and palonosetron were generally well tolerated, with adverse event profiles consistent with drugs of this class (e.g., headache, constipation, and diarrhea). These data suggest that palonosetron is a highly selective prophylactic agent that may have an improved therapeutic profile compared with tropisetron, and is a feasible treatment option for controlling CINV in patients with cancer.
-
Oligometastatic cancer describes a disease state somewhere between localized and metastatic cancer. Proposed definitions of oligometastatic disease have typically used a cut-off of five or fewer sites of disease. Treatment of oligometastatic disease should have the goal of long-term local control, and in selected cases, disease remission. ⋯ A recent randomized phase 2 clinical trial by Gomez et al. demonstrated significantly improved progression free survival with aggressive consolidative therapy (surgery, radiotherapy ± chemotherapy or SABR) in oli-gometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As additional randomized controlled trials are ongoing to determine the efficacy of SABR in oligometastatic disease, SABR is increasingly being used within routine clinical practice. This review article aims to sum-marize the history and current paradigm of the oligometastatic state, review recently pub-lished literature of SABR in oligometastatic cancer and discuss ongoing trials and future directions in this context.
-
Chinese clinical oncology · Aug 2017
ReviewUpdated response assessment criteria for high-grade glioma: beyond the MacDonald criteria.
High-grade glioma continues to be a challenging disease with few effective treatment options and a poor prognosis, necessitating intensive research into alternate therapies. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) committee was formed to create a robust endpoint assessment criteria in Neuro-Oncology in order to streamline the assessment of new therapies in a uniform fashion. ⋯ Standardized application of the RANO response assessment criteria in clinical trials will result in the generation of strong clinical data, which can subsequently be pooled and analyzed to attain a more accurate assessment of treatment efficacy. In this review, we summarize the current RANO guidelines in patients with high-grade glioma, highlighting the key clinical and imaging criteria used for RANO evaluation and introducing the role of newer imaging and biomarkers.
-
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The highest incidence rates her found are in North America and in Western Europe while lower rates in Asian Africa, with age standard incidence rates of 7.2 and 2.8 per 100,000 populations. Unfortunately the vast majority of individuals with pancreatic cancer present with symptoms, and once symptoms develop the chance for surgery is only about 20%. ⋯ Multiple of environmental and genetic risk factors have been implicated in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We have reviewed those risk factors we believe are most important the development of this lethal disease. It is hoped that in the future, identification of biomarkers unique in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma will be identified leading to earlier detection and a greater frequency of potential cure of this disease.
-
Unlike many other cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has seen only incremental improvement in mortality despite significant advances in our understanding of the underlying biology. A primary obstacle to progress has been our inability to properly model PDAC in a preclinical setting. ⋯ This review summarizes the five primary models currently in use: human PDAC cell line, cell line xenograft, patient derived xenograft, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), and organoids. We delve into the advantages of disadvantages of each model, while discussing how each model has been or could be used in the preclinical setting.