Tumori
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Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a relatively rare group of heterogeneous neoplasms. The most significant advance in therapy of NETs has been the advent of the somatostatin analog octreotide, which represents a cornerstone in their management and dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape. Octreotide long-acting release (LAR) was developed to overcome some of the limitations of octreotide. ⋯ One exception is cholelithiasis, which may increase with longer duration of treatment. According to the literature data, octreotide LAR is currently recommended in both functioning and nonfunctioning advanced NETs. This review summarizes the available clinical data with octreotide LAR and also provides future perspectives on its possible uses in patients with NETs.
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One-lung ventilation (OLV) is an anesthesiological technique that is increasingly being used beyond thoracic surgery. This requires specific skills and knowledge about airway management, maintenance of gas exchange and prevention of acute lung injury. ⋯ Parameters validated for OLV titration still have not been found, but a multimodal approach based on low tidal volume, end-expiratory pressure application and alveolar recruitment maneuvers is considered the best way to ensure protective ventilation and reduce lung damage. The purpose of this review is to analyze all these factors using the latest scientific evidence and the opinions of the most influential authors.
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Review Case Reports
Intracapsular carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the parapharyngeal space: report of two cases and review of the literature.
Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the parapharyngeal space is an exceedingly rare entity. ⋯ Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the parapharyngeal space is a rare disease, and definitive diagnosis may be challenging. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, but adjuvant radiotherapy also may be required in the presence of specific risk factors.
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With the groundbreaking work of three Milan professors-Bonadonna, Veronesi, and Ventafridda-in the 1980s as the starting point, this article aims to shed light on the potential benefits of a closer and more formal integration between oncology and palliative care. More specifically, we address why integration is needed, how to do it, and the potential benefits to the patients, families, and society. The costs for cancer care are increasing rapidly. ⋯ Our present state of knowledge indicates that integration does not shorten life; perhaps even the opposite. Futile oncological treatment can be reduced and the QoL of patients and carers improved. We need more evidence on the potential effect upon costs, but present data indicate that integration does not increase them.
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We present an overview of a number of key clinical studies in infiltrating gliomas presented at the 2013 Society for Neuro-Oncology and World Federation of Neuro-Oncology joint meeting. This review focuses on efficacy results, including quality of life studies, from larger clinical trials in both high- and low-grade infiltrating gliomas.