Radiation medicine
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Review Case Reports
Iatrogenic venous air embolism caused by CT injector--from a risk management point of view.
An iatrogenic venous air embolism caused by computed tomography (CT) injector occurred in a 74-year-old man undergoing abdominal-pelvic CT for evaluation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). During the initial inspection scan of the thoracic part, a large amount of air was detected in the right ventricle, but no contrast medium was noted in the aorta. Surface oxygen was given immediately, and the patient was placed in the left lateral decubitus position on the CT bed. ⋯ CT revealed no air in the brain or pulmonary vein, and he was returned to his room 55 minutes after the incident. There were no complications during a six-month follow-up period. The importance of daily risk management and immediate proper after care to prevent such accidents was reconfirmed.
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Brain tumor is a distinct pathological entity that differs from other diseases, including cerebrovascular, demyelinating, inflammatory, infectious, and various miscellaneous diseases. Insidious onset and gradual progression of signs and symptoms are common in patients with brain tumors, whereas the onset of cerebrovascular diseases is usually acute or sudden. Patients with demyelinating, inflammatory, or infectious diseases show subacute onset. ⋯ Therefore, differentiation of brain tumors from other diseases is a critical issue for neuroimaging. Detailed inspection of images is necessary, and characteristic findings, and additional imaging methods, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, are often helpful for the differential diagnosis. We assess the imaging findings of diseases simulating brain tumors and review the literature.
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The Japanese status and structure of radiation oncology are reported on the basis of a recent Japanese official survey database compiled by JASTRO. ⋯ One of the main problems in Japanese radiation oncology is the shortage of human resources, including radiation oncologists and medial physicists. Poor awareness of radiation oncology among the public and ignorance of the necessity and importance of medical physicists in the medical field tends to adversely affect QA/QC of recent high-technology radiation therapy.
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Resources for radiation therapy in Vietnam were analyzed to obtain an understanding of the current status of radiation oncological practice in Vietnam. ⋯ The information in the report is currently available for radiation oncological practices in Vietnam and provides for planning of development programs on radiation oncology.
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For many musculoskeletal applications, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gone beyond the stage of a promising new modality to become the imaging technique of choice. Various applications of MRI in the musculoskeletal system are discussed. It is clear that MRI fills an important need and will be a major addition to the field of musculoskeletal diagnosis.