JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Sep 2015
ReviewWomen's experience of menopause: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.
Evidence shows than an estimated one billion women have experienced menopause worldwide. The experience of menopause is influenced by beliefs and values prevalent in the sociocultural setting, the background of the women, and the ways in which the women approach changes in this phase of life. Independently of the circumstances involved, women experiencing menopause need to have their care needs and corresponding support identified based on their personal and contextual perspectives. Although it is essential to provide appropriate support to women experiencing menopause, no systematic reviews have so far been conducted that focus on menopause experienced by women worldwide. ⋯ The systematic review shows that menopause is a stage of life experienced in different ways. The experience of menopause is characterized by personal challenges and changes in personal roles within the family and society. Hot flushes and night sweats are the strongest symptoms of those reported by women affected by the changes experienced during menopause. The positive or negative ways in which each woman approaches the changes during menopause are influenced by their personal, family and sociocultural background. Health care providers pay little attention to women´s perceptions regarding menopause. Considering menopause is a time when women feel vulnerable, personal and tailored healthcare according to individual needs, preferences and expectations should be provided. Coping strategies regarding the effects of menopause should be determined in creative and dynamic ways through the identification and consideration of the complex issues involved. These measures are essential to ensuring effective support for menopausal women.
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Sep 2015
ReviewEffectiveness of positive end-expiratory pressure, decreased fraction of inspired oxygen and vital capacity recruitment maneuver in the prevention of pulmonary atelectasis in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review.
General anesthesia causes impairment of gas exchange in the lungs that results in decreased oxygenation of the blood; atelectasis is the principle cause of this impaired gas exchange. Anesthesia delivery varies between providers and there is no standard practice to decrease the incidence of postoperative atelectasis. ⋯ The majority of atelectasis occurs within minutes of induction and intubation; therefore, further research is needed for testing interventions during this specific time.
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Sep 2015
ReviewNurses' experiences of advocacy in the perioperative department: a systematic review.
Patient advocacy is central to nursing practice; acting as a patient advocate in the perioperative environment requires the care of patients that are highly vulnerable and unable to speak up for themselves, in a busy and often highly pressurized environment involving multiple professional groups providing care simultaneously. This can present particular challenges for nurses, particularly those unfamiliar with the expectations of being a patient advocate. ⋯ Perioperative nurses identify being a voice, communicating with, and safeguarding the patient as key advocacy activities that they undertake within their roles. Establishing trust between the nurse and patient is an important aspect of patient advocacy in this environment. Acting as a patient advocate can expose perioperative nurses to workplace conflict and cause them distress. While professional experience prepares nurses to be patient advocates, less experience in the perioperative environment and time pressures were reported as barriers to the role.
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Sep 2015
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyEffectiveness of ketamine gargle in reducing postoperative sore throat in patients undergoing airway instrumentation: a systematic review.
Postoperative sore throat is a common, minor adverse event, second to postoperative nausea and vomiting, occurring in individuals undergoing general anesthesia. Postoperative sore throat has the potential to not only diminish patient satisfaction, but also increase the need for adjunct pain therapy in the post anesthesia care unit. Many techniques are utilized to reduce postoperative sore throat; however no one intervention has proven to be completely effective. The use of ketamine gargle is a novel intervention but the effectiveness of administering it prior to induction of general anesthesia is still uncertain. Therefore, further evaluation of current evidence is needed to determine the effectiveness of ketamine gargle in reducing the incidence of postoperative sore throat. ⋯ Additional research is needed to determine the systemic effects of ketamine gargle and whether other n-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists are effective in reducing postoperative sore throat. Future research should include previously excluded populations and expanded to include other methods of airway manipulation.