The journal of vascular access
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To review the evidence behind Ultrasound (US) guided placement of arterial cannulae and its use in the critically ill population. ⋯ Most studies have demonstrated a higher success rate when using US guidance for arterial cannulation. Moreover, the technique permits more rapid access and establishment compared with the conventional palpation technique. However, there is evidence opposing the routine use of US to guide arterial cannula insertion. Further studies are required to ascertain the benefits and cost effectiveness of US guided arterial catheterization in peri-operative and critical care.