Pain physician
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The pathophysiology of pain involves complex nervous system interactions after initial noxious stimuli. When stimuli persist, biochemical and structural changes occur in the nociceptive pathways of the central and peripheral nervous systems, leading to pain sensitization. Peripheral and central sensitization are key in the transition from acute to chronic pain. This development of chronic pain is particularly common following various surgical procedures, with many postsurgical patients experiencing persistent pain for significant periods. Chronic pain is a common and severe complication of surgery, and preventing its development is tantamount in improving patient outcomes. ⋯ Acute pain, chronic postsurgical pain, pain sensitization, chronic pain prevention, regional anesthesia, pain adjuncts, neuraxial anesthesia, chronic pain risk factors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Analgesic and Respiratory Effects of Two Doses of Morphine as an Adjunct to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Upper Abdominal Surgery.
Opioid receptors are present at the terminals of afferent peripheral nerves; therefore, administration of opioids peripherally might provide a significant analgesic effect. ⋯ Abdominal surgery, analgesia, transversus abdominis plane block, morphine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Associations Between Cognitive Dysfunction, Stress Biomarkers, and Administered Anesthesia Type in Total Knee Arthroplasties: Prospective, Randomized Trial.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a serious complication associated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and has been shown to increase the length of hospital stay, cause functional impairment, and morbidity. ⋯ Cognitive dysfunction, stress biomarkers, acute pain, regional anesthesia, spinal anesthesia.
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Clinical Trial
A Prospective, Randomized Cross-Over Trial of T2 Paravertebral Block as a Sympathetic Block in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Sympathetic block is commonly performed in clinical practice for management of intractable pain conditions. However, stellate ganglion block (SGB) alone often does not achieve sufficient sympatholysis of the upper extremity. The paravertebral space continues up to the cervical sympathetic chain and includes the stellate ganglion. We compared the sympatholytic and analgesic effect of paravertebral block performed at the T2 level (T2 PVB) with that of SGB in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the upper extremity. ⋯ Sympathetic block, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, paravertebral block, stellate ganglion block.
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Beta-blocker Use is Associated with a Reduction in Opioid Use 30 Days After Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to chronic pain and prolonged postoperative opioid use. There are few evidence-based interventions to prevent these outcomes. Recently, beta-blockers have emerged as possible novel analgesics. ⋯ Analgesics, opioid, arthroplasty, replacement, knee, adrenergic beta-antagonists, pain management.