Frontiers in pediatrics
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2021
Return of Spontaneous Circulation Depends on Cardiac Rhythm During Neonatal Cardiac Arrest in Asphyxiated Newborn Animals.
Objective: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) occurs in asphyxiated newborn piglets and infants. We aimed to examine whether different cardiac rhythms (asystole, bradycardia, PEA) affects the resuscitation outcomes during continuous chest compressions (CC) during sustained inflations (CC+SI). Design: This study is a secondary analysis of four previous randomized controlled animal trials that compared CC+SI with different CC rate (90 or 120/min), SI duration (20 or 60 s), peak inflation pressure (10, 20, or 30 cmH2O), and oxygen concentration (18, 21, or 100%). ⋯ Survival rates were similar between all groups. Compared to their baseline, mean arterial pressure and carotid blood flow were significantly lower 4 h after resuscitation in all groups, while being significantly higher in the bradycardia group. Conclusion: This study indicates that cardiac rhythm before resuscitation influences the time to ROSC and hemodynamic recovery after ROSC.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2021
ReviewBest Practice Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Children With Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS; Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, MIS-C) in Switzerland.
Background: Following the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic a new disease entity emerged, defined as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS), or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). In the absence of trials, evidence for treatment remains scarce. Purpose: To develop best practice recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of children with PIMS-TS in Switzerland. ⋯ Conclusion: Available literature on PIMS-TS is limited to retrospective or prospective observational studies. Informed by these cohort studies and indirect evidence from other inflammatory conditions in children and adults, as well as guidelines from international health authorities, the Swiss PIMS-TS recommendations represent best practice guidelines based on currently available knowledge to standardize treatment of children with suspected PIMS-TS. Given the absence of high-grade evidence, regular updates of the recommendations will be warranted, and participation of patients in trials should be encouraged.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2021
Clinical Characteristics According to Age and Duration of Symptoms to Be Considered for Rapid Diagnosis of Pediatric Intussusception.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether clinical findings in children with ileocolic intussusception differ based on age and duration of symptoms and to assess the clinical characteristics of diagnosed and undiagnosed patients to determine which symptoms make diagnosis more difficult. Methods: We reviewed 536 medical records of <15-year-old children diagnosed with ileocolic intussusception between 2008 and 2019. We divided the children into three categories according to age (<1 year, 1-2 years, and ≥2 years). ⋯ Younger children with paroxysmal pain, vomiting, bloody stool, poor oral intake, or lethargy should be suspected of having intussusception. In older children, non-specific abdominal pain without bloody stool may be a symptom of intussusception. Glycerin enema is helpful in diagnosing intussusception in children with no typical symptoms.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2021
ReviewPediatric Fibrinogen PART I-Pitfalls in Fibrinogen Evaluation and Use of Fibrinogen Replacement Products in Children.
Fibrinogen is a key coagulation protein, playing a critical role in hemostasis. It is the first factor to decrease to critical levels during bleeding. Hypofibrinogenemia is an important risk factor for bleeding in clinical settings, including pediatric surgery. ⋯ In this article we review the current diagnostic tools to measure fibrinogen, with respect to their use in the pediatric critical care setting. Secondly, we evaluate the different fibrinogen replacement therapies, focusing on cryoprecipitate and fibrinogen concentrate and examine their individual product characteristics, associated risks and benefits, different dosing strategies and specific pitfalls for use in children. We summarize by highlighting current knowledge gaps and areas for future research.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2021
Treatment for Flexible Flatfoot in Children With Subtalar Arthroereisis and Soft Tissue Procedures.
Background: Children with flexible flatfoot is common in clinics and there is no unified conclusion on surgical treatment. And for some patients with severe deformities, the correction of the subtalar joint arthroereisis combine the release of the Achilles tendon or gastrocnemius muscle release is still not satisfactory. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic outcomes of subtalar arthroereisis combined with Achilles tendon or gastrocnemius recession and medial soft tissue (spring ligament, talonavicular joint capsule, tibionavicular ligaments and tibiospring ligaments) tightening for treating flexible flatfoot with severe deformities. ⋯ At last follow-up, the Meary angle was decreased from 17.5° ± 4.4° to 4.1° ± 1.2° (P < 0.05), the talar-first metatarsal (AP) was decreased from 15.3° ± 3.1° to 4.8° ± 1.3°(P < 0.05), The mean AOFAS score was rose from 66.6 ± 5.8 to 88.6 ± 7.9 (P < 0.05), the mean VAS score was decreased from 6.6 ± 0.6 to 1.7 ± 0.3 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The subtalar arthroereisis combined with soft tissue procedures can effectively correct flexible flatfoot in children and it is a significant method for severe forefoot abduction reconstruction. Level of Evidence: IV.