Frontiers in pediatrics
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2020
Case ReportsInfants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19).
A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cases in China and worldwide. Four full-term, singleton infants were born to pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China, where the disease was first identified. Of the three infants, for who consent to be diagnostically tested was provided, none tested positive for the virus. ⋯ One infant had tachypnea and was supported by non-invasive mechanical ventilation for 3 days. One had rashes at birth but was discharged without parental consent for a diagnostic test. This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants, born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2020
Effect of Population Lockdown on Pediatric Emergency Room Demands in the Era of COVID-19.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and population lockdown on pediatric ED consultations. Methods: A cross-sectional study on pediatric emergency department consultations before and during the current COVID-19 pandemic (March-May 2019 vs. March-May 2020) was performed in two hospitals in the Campania region (Southern Italy) [i.e., Salerno University Hospital (Salerno) and Pediatric Regional Referral Emergency Hub "AORN Santobono-Pausillipon" (Naples)]. ⋯ We witnessed a significant reduction of non-urgent health care demands during the pandemic but an increase of more severe urgent cases. The COVID-19 pandemic and the following lockdown unveiled the inappropriateness of the majority of pediatric ED consultations. Nevertheless, the current scenario highlighted the need for appropriate and timely clinical evaluations in the pediatric primary care to tackle late and more severe diagnoses in EDs.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2020
Asphyxiated Female and Male Newborn Piglets Have Similar Outcomes With Different Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Interventions.
Background: Male newborns have a greater risk of poor cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes compared to females. The mechanisms associated with the "male disadvantage" remains unclear. We have previously shown no difference between male and female newborn piglets during hypoxia, asphyxia, resuscitation, and post-resuscitation recovery. ⋯ Main results: Regardless of resuscitation technique, there was no significant difference between males and females in the number achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) [95/123 (77%) vs. 48/61 (79%)], the time to achieve ROSC [112 (80-185) s vs. 110 (77-186) s], and the 4-h survival rate [81/95 (85%) vs. 40/48 (83%)]. Levels of the injury markers interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in frontoparietal cortex tissue homogenates were similar between males and females. Conclusions: Regardless of resuscitation technique, there was no significant effect of sex on resuscitation outcome, survival, and hemodynamic recovery in asphyxiated newborn piglets.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2020
Feasibilty of Transcutaneous pCO2 Monitoring During Immediate Transition After Birth-A Prospective Observational Study.
Background: According to recommendations, non-invasive monitoring during neonatal resuscitation after birth includes heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Continuous transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide partial pressure (tcpCO2) may further offer quantitative information on neonatal respiratory status. Objective: We aimed to investigate feasibility of tcpCO2 measurements in the delivery room during immediate neonatal transition and to compare the course of tcpCO2 between stable term and preterm infants. ⋯ Mean tcpCO2 values 15 min after birth were 46.2 (95% CI 34.5-57.8) mmHg in term neonates and 48.5 (95%CI 43.0-54.1) mmHg in preterm neonates. Preterm and term infants did not show significant differences in the tcpCO2 values at any time point. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that tcpCO2 measurement is feasible during immediate neonatal transition after birth and that tcpCO2 values were comparable in stable term and preterm neonates.
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Frontiers in pediatrics · Jan 2020
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Mimics the Post-concussion Syndrome in Adolescents.
The objective of this study was to evaluate concussion-like symptom reporting among uninjured adolescents with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stratified by several cooccurring conditions, and to examine the base rate and predictors of uninjured adolescents with ADHD meeting diagnostic criteria for the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) post-concussional syndrome (PCS). Participants in this cross-sectional, observational study, were drawn from a cohort of 48,834 adolescent student athletes from Maine (ages 13-18) with no concussion in the past 6 months who completed a preseason, baseline testing program between 2009 and 2015. The final sample included 3,031 students with ADHD, 2,146 (70.8%) boys and 885 (29.2%) girls. ⋯ Adolescents with ADHD commonly endorse concussion-like symptoms in the absence of a recent concussion. Demographic characteristics (sex) and the presence of co-occurring conditions are related to symptom reporting in adolescents with ADHD. Understanding factors associated with baseline symptom reporting, such as pre-existing ADHD, is important when evaluating youth who have persistent symptoms following concussion as well as making both return to school and return to athletics decisions.