The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2022
Identifying areas at risk of endometrial cancer increase in Latin America: development of a geospatial model.
Endometrial cancer is presently the most common gynaecological cancer in high-income countries due to factors such as population aging and obesity, which leads to high oestrogen concentrations and is linked to abnormal endometrial cell proliferation. Obesity is a global health issue; more than 20% of people in Latin America are currently obese, and approximately 58% are overweight. The purpose of this study was to analyse obesity rates and the evolution of the female population older than 65 years of age in Latin American and Caribbean countries, mapping areas at high risk of increase in the incidence of endometrial cancer in the coming years. ⋯ None.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2022
Observational StudyNew strategies for standardised and appropriate access to a complete acute lymphocytic leukaemia diagnostic panel for children in Mexico: an observational study.
Approximately 50% of all childhood cancer cases in Mexico are acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Survival rates are suboptimal when compared with those in high-income countries, and poor access to standardised testing and treatment has been identified as a contributing factor. Mexico in Alliance with St Jude (MAS) is a multisite intersectoral collaboration created in 2016 to improve childhood cancer outcomes. MAS conducted a retrospective analysis of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia where diagnostic disparities and risk-group classification emerged as a challenge; 419 (72%) of 578 of patients with confirmed acute lymphocytic leukaemia did not have access supporting fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) testing and 226 (39%) of 578 patients did not have minimal residual disease evaluation. FISH results were reported in a median of 15 days (SD 17) and cytogenetic results were reported after a median of 22 days (SD 27). In response, MAS launched The Bridge Project, in 2019, to improve access, accuracy, and timeliness of diagnostic information for children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia in Mexico. ⋯ Fundación Gonzalo Río Arronte (Mexico City, Mexico); Casa de la Amistad para niños con Cáncer (Mexico City, Mexico); St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis, TN, USA).
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2022
APC mutations as a predictive marker of endometrial cancer immunotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
The APC regulator of WNT signalling pathway gene (previously known as adenomatous polyposis coli gene; APC), located on 5q22.2, is a chromatin remodelling-related gene and a typical tumour suppressor. Patients with high expression of PD-L1 or a high tumour mutational burden have been reported to benefit from immunotherapy in endometrial cancer. The objective of this study was to show that APC is a new biomarker target for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer by analysing the correlation of APC mutations with PD-L1 expression or tumour mutational burden. ⋯ The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81472427, 32070583, 81672574, and 81702547), the Shanghai Health System Outstanding Talents Program (grant number 2018YQ23), the Shanghai New Frontier Technology Project (grant number SHDC12015110), and the Shanghai Municipal Medical and Health Discipline Construction Projects (grant number 2017ZZ02015).
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2022
Oral lichen planus and the Thr102Cys polymorphism of HTR2A: a pilot case-control study.
Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world, leading to over 177 000 deaths worldwide annually. The literature suggests that oral cancer might be preceded by potentially malignant oral lesions, such as oral lichen planus, a multifactorial chronic inflammatory condition with an autoimmune component. Smoking and alcohol consumption are two of the many triggers of oral lichen planus and oral cancer. Both habits have likewise been associated with the Thr102Cys polymorphisms in the HTR2A gene, which codes the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT-2A). The aim of this study was to investigate the Thr102Cys polymorphism rs6313 (NG_013011.1:g.6230C>T on GenBank) in the HTR2A gene in patients with oral lichen planus, and to explore its association with smoking and alcohol consumption. ⋯ None.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2022
Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori to prevent gastric cancer in indigenous Taiwanese communities: a population-based study and development of an index-case method.
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death, particularly in Asia and South America. Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori is recognised as an advantageous solution to reduce the disparities in the incidence of this cancer. However, the deployment of such policies is not yet sufficiently advanced in high-incidence areas. Our study aimed to show the acceptability and feasibility of an index-case method to implement a screening and eradication policy in high-risk populations living in Taiwanese indigenous communities. ⋯ Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan (grant number A1101008).