The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyChemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial.
Fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy is regarded as a standard perioperative treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. We investigated the efficacy and safety of substituting fluorouracil with the oral prodrug capecitabine. ⋯ Roche Pharma AG (Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany).
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Review Comparative StudyGlobal burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2008: a review and synthetic analysis.
Infections with certain viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been identified as strong risk factors for specific cancers. An update of their respective contribution to the global burden of cancer is warranted. ⋯ Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie (FINOVI) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF).
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
ReviewOptimising radiation treatment decisions for patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy.
Whereas randomised clinical trials have established which patients might benefit from postmastectomy radiation therapy after upfront surgery, no such data exist for guiding decisions on who might benefit from postmastectomy radiation therapy after upfront chemotherapy. Insight must be drawn from non-randomised data to provide such guidance. Early data suggest that both extent of disease at presentation and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict the risk of locoregional recurrence, and can be used to tailor recommendations for postmastectomy radiation therapy. Randomised clinical trial data are needed to assess whether postmastectomy radiation therapy can be safely omitted in selected women with good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Comparative StudyPrognostic value of a microRNA signature in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a microRNA expression analysis.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as prognostic biomarkers in many types of cancer. We aimed to identify miRNAs that were prognostic in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ⋯ Science Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Health, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme, Guangdong Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Program, Guangdong Natural Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Comparative StudyPrevalence of mismatch repair-deficient crypt foci in Lynch syndrome: a pathological study.
Lynch syndrome is an inherited tumour predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Mutation carriers have a high risk of developing colorectal cancer, but do not present with polyposis, a typical feature of other colorectal cancer syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis, in which polyposis reflects the high frequency of biallelic APC gene inactivation. We asked whether in Lynch syndrome biallelic inactivation of MMR genes occurred at a similar frequency to that of APC gene, and whether MMR inactivation resulted in detectable lesions within the intestinal mucosa. ⋯ German Cancer Aid and German Research Foundation.