Journal of toxicology and environmental health
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J Toxicol Environ Health · Mar 1996
Percutaneous absorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from soil with respect to soil load and skin contact time: in vivo absorption in rhesus monkey and in vitro absorption in human skin.
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), used for control of weeds in agriculture, forestry, and rights of way, can accumulate as a residual chemical in soil. The objective was to determine percutaneous absorption of 2,4-D from soil, with emphasis on soil load and skin contact time. With control acetone vehicle, in vivo absorption of 2,4-D in the rhesus monkey was 8.6 +/- 2.1% of the dose, which compared closely to published human absorption of 6.0 +/- 2.4%. ⋯ For soil vehicle, percutaneous absorption of 2,4-D was not linear in respect to soil load or to skin contact time. Calculation based on assumed linearity can falsely estimate potential human health hazard. Clearly, the dermatokinetics with soil and skin represent complex interactive forces that require detailed evaluation before overgeneralizing rules for interpretation in terms of risk assessment.