Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association
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Cent Nerv Syst Trauma · Jan 1985
Comparative StudyChanges in norepinephrine and histamine in monkey spinal cords traumatized by weight drop and compression.
Changes in norepinephrine and histamine levels in the spinal cord of monkeys at 1/2, 2, and 4 hours after 200 g cm of contusion injury, 50 g of compression injury, and 2 hours of decompression following 4 hours of compression were studied in the traumatized and an adjacent nontraumatized segment. Norepinephrine levels were elevated in the traumatized segment at 1/2, 2, and 4 hours after contusion injury and in the adjacent nontraumatized segment at 1/2 hour. Compression of 1/2 and 2 hours caused elevation of norepinephrine in both the traumatized and nontraumatized segments. ⋯ Histamine content increased in the traumatized segment at 2 and 4 hours after contusion injury and in the adjacent nontraumatized segment at 2 hours. Compression injury did not change histamine levels, but decompression caused an increase. The possible influence of simultaneous changes in norepinephrine and histamine levels on the vessels following injury is discussed.
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Cent Nerv Syst Trauma · Jan 1985
Spinal cord edema, 5-hydroxytryptamine, lipid peroxidation, and lysosomal enzyme release after acute contusion and compression injury in primates.
Physical and biochemical changes in the spinal cord of monkeys at 1/2, 2, and 4 hours following 200 g cm contusion injury and 50 g of compression injury and 2 hours of decompression following 4 hours of compression were studied. The pathophysiologic changes were milder in compression compared to contusion injury. Following contusion injury, at 1/2 and 2 hours there was significant increase in % water content, lipid peroxidation, and alpha-L-fucosidase. alpha-D-Mannosidase was significantly increased at all time periods, and beta-D-hexosaminidase was increased at 1/2 and 4 hours. ⋯ Lipid peroxidation had increased at all time periods, whereas B-D-hexosaminidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and 5-HIAA were increased at 2 hours. alpha-D-Mannosidase had increased at 1/2 and 2 hours, and alpha-L-fucosidase had increased at 4 hours. After 2 hours decompression following 4 hours compression, water content, beta-D-galactosidase, and alpha-D-Mannosidase were significantly increased. An attempt was made to correlate the findings and to understand the sequential pathophysiologic changes in the first 4 hours following spinal cord trauma, providing a baseline for evaluation of the efficacy of any therapeutic maneuvers.
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Major sources of data on incidence and prevalence of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States were reviewed, including many federal government agencies, state level rehabilitation and health departments, regional SCI systems, private voluntary organizations, available literature, and several unpublished studies. With the exception of the Veterans Administration, many of the federal databases did not prove helpful. ⋯ Data from the Florida and Virginia Central Registries of SCI suggest a decrease in traumatic SCI incidence in recent years. Based on data abstracted from a regional study, the California Disability Survey, we estimate the prevalence of traumatic SCI to be about 238,000 in the United States for 1984.