Internal medicine journal
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Internal medicine journal · Jun 2020
Review Case ReportsLeft maxillary sinus tumour-induced hypophosphataemic osteomalacia and combined with thyroid papillary carcinoma: a case report and literature review.
Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare disease characterised by hypophosphataemia and clinical symptoms of osteomalacia. Herein we report the case of a 29-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with progressive bone pain and was diagnosed with TIO caused by maxillary sinus tumours. ⋯ After tumour resections, the symptoms of bone pain were relieved and the level of blood phosphorus was restored, long-term replacement therapy was needed for thyroid. When a patient is diagnosed with TIO, it is necessary to screen for the presence of other malignant tumours and explore the treatment options in order to benefit patients preferably.
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Hyponatraemia is common in heart failure (HF). It is estimated that over 20% of patients admitted to hospital with HF have hyponatraemia. It has also been repeatedly shown to be a surrogate marker of increased morbidity and mortality in this specific population. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of hyponatraemia through the activation of neurohormonal cascades in HF, the clinical implications of sustained hyponatraemia and treatment options in the management of this challenging phenomenon.