Internal medicine journal
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Internal medicine journal · Dec 2021
Prevalence, Types and Recognition of Cognitive Impairment in Dialysis Patients in South Eastern Sydney.
In international studies, cognitive impairment is a common but underdetected issue in dialysis patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares risk factors with and is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. There is a lack of Australian data on cognitive impairment in this at-risk population. This has implications on service planning because cognitive impairment in CKD is associated with higher mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs. ⋯ Although cognitive impairment is common in dialysis patients, there are low levels of detection by clinical teams. Cognitive screening of dialysis patients should be incorporated as part of wider assessment and determination of management goals such as individuals' capacity to self-care and provide informed consent to treatments.
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Fibromyalgia presents with symptoms of widespread pain, fatigue, sleeping and cognitive disturbances as well as other somatic symptoms. It often overlaps with other conditions termed 'central sensitivity syndromes', such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and temporomandibular disorder. Central sensitisation, mediated by amplified processing in the central nervous system, has been identified as the key pathogenic mechanism in these disorders. ⋯ Such tools can fulfil an important need when managing patients with rheumatic disease and other chronic diseases as a way to identify fibromyalgia and improve patient outcomes. Treatment involves an integrated approach including education, exercise, stress reduction and pharmacological therapies targeting the central nervous system. This approach is suitable for all presentations of central sensitivity and some central sensitivity syndromes have additional treatment options specific to the clinical presentation.
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Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a familial cardiac ion channelopathy first described over 60 years ago. It is characterised by prolonged ventricular repolarisation (long QT on electrocardiography), ventricular arrhythmias and associated syncope or sudden cardiac death. ⋯ In recent times, progress has been made in diagnostic method, risk stratification and treatment options. This review has been written as a guide for the general cardiologist to understand the basic pathophysiology, diagnosis and management priorities for the most encountered LQTS subtypes: LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3.
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Internal medicine journal · Dec 2021
Psychometric validation of the Partners in Health scale as a self-management tool in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease complicated by recurrent hospital admissions. Self-management skills could facilitate optimal disease management. At present there is no validated instrument for measuring self-management in these patients. Hence, we evaluated the internal reliability and construct validity of the Partners in Health (PIH) scale, a chronic condition self-management tool in cirrhotic patients. ⋯ The dimensionality, known-group validity and reliability of the PIH scale for measuring self-management in patients with liver cirrhosis were confirmed. Its clinical predictive value requires further assessment.