Archives d'anatomie, d'histologie et d'embryologie normales et expérimentales
-
Arch Anat Histol Embryol · Jan 1989
Case ReportsUnusual variations of the vasculonervous elements of the human axilla. Report of three cases.
Three cases of multiple anomalies involving the vessels and nerves of the axilla are reported. The main common characteristic between them was the unilateral existence of a superficial brachial artery. The other arterial variations encountered were mostly represented by an assembling of some of the usual branches of the axillary artery in a common trunk which we called thoracdorso-subscapular trunk. ⋯ The two other cadavers showed variations in the distribution of the intermediate trunk and lateral fasciculus of the plexus. Embryologically, the persistence of various segmental arteries in the axilla seems to be responsible for the described anomalies. Otherwise, the present study indicates that the segmental origin of the axillary artery and its pattern of branching may determine the arrangement of the brachial plexus during the fetal development.
-
The study of the vascularization of the sternum allows to individualise the vascular pedicles, the anterior and posterior peripheral sternal networks and the intrasternal vascularization. 1. The numerous vascular pedicles of the sternum all come from the internal mammary arteries. The postero-superior and postero-inferior sternal arteries of one simple intercostal space or of contiguous spaces are anastomosed by systems of latero-sternal, retroarticular and retro-sternal arches. ⋯ The sub-cortical part is composed of a peripheral zone and a more central zone. The totality of the intramedullary network includes a few fine arteries, an interadipocytary network, which is very developed and is variable in form. It also include sinuses of increasing order connected into the venous system, into the network of the compact bone, or into the large trans-cortical veins, which are drained by the peripheral sternal networks or by the collateral veins or the internal mammary system.