Clinical colorectal cancer
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Clin Colorectal Cancer · Jun 2020
ReviewClinical Development of Immunotherapy for Deficient Mismatch Repair Colorectal Cancer.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Despite excellent prognosis for early stage disease, 5-year survival rates in metastatic disease remain low. A small subset of CRC is defined by a deficiency in mismatch repair (dMMR) resulting in high levels of microsatellite instability and are responsive to immunotherapy. ⋯ Ongoing clinical trials are exploring the use of these agents in earlier lines of therapy such as first-line metastatic therapy and adjuvant therapy for stage III CRC. However, resistance to ICIs does occur in a subset of patients and ongoing clinical trials are exploring novel approaches in these PD-1-refractory patients. The aim of this review is to outline the development and decision-making of ICIs in the treatment of dMMR CRC and to discuss ongoing clinical trials in this therapeutic space.
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Clin Colorectal Cancer · Jun 2020
Comparative StudyIs There an Optimal Choice in Refractory Colorectal Cancer? A Network Meta-Analysis.
In the absence of head-to-head comparison studies, the present network meta-analysis evaluated and compared the efficacy of 4 therapeutic alternatives for refractory colorectal cancer. ⋯ No differences in OS were found between regorafenib and TAS-102. Possible greater efficacy was found for TAS-102 compared with regorafenib for patients with a rectal primary location, ECOG PS > 0, and age > 65 years. In contrast, regorafenib showed possible greater effectiveness for patients with ECOG PS 0 and age < 65 years. In the RAS WT population, the anti-EGFR drug showed superiority with respect to TAS-102 and regorafenib. These results should be viewed as only exploratory, and further prospective studies are warranted to validate these data.
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Clin Colorectal Cancer · Jun 2020
Pathologic Response and Postoperative Complications After Short-course Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy for Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma.
The role of neoadjuvant short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) in treating rectal adenocarcinoma is a topic of ongoing debate. Growing interest in total neoadjuvant therapy has spurred discussion on the optimal sequence of preoperative SCRT and chemotherapy. ⋯ Though not yet common in the United States, SCRT has compared favorably with long course chemoradiation in multiple trials. Moreover, it is associated with greater efficiency and less disruption to chemotherapy. Our data show similar response and toxicity outcomes between the immediate and delay groups, suggesting SCRT is well-tolerated regardless of treatment sequence. Recently completed prospective trials may reveal the optimal preoperative treatment sequence.