The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Preemptive analgesia with a single low dose of intrathecal morphine in multilevel posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
Patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery may experience considerable pain in the early postoperative period, and poor pain control after multilevel lumbar spinal fusion surgery is frequently associated with multiple complications and delayed discharge from hospital. ⋯ Preemptive analgesia with ITM results in significantly improved early postoperative pain control and decreased postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia consumption, with no increase in adverse effects.