Latest Articles
-
This article reviews and synthesizes evidence in the published literature on the safety and efficacy of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) among young children with pediatric gastroenteritis in developed nations. ⋯ There seems to be a great potential for improving the medical treatment of children with acute gastroenteritis by the greater use of ORT.
-
Clinical endocrinology · Jun 1996
Meta Analysis Clinical TrialEffect of thyroid substitution on hypercholesterolaemia in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a reanalysis of intervention studies.
The significance of mild hypercholesterolaemia in subclinical hypothyroidism and whether there is beneficial reduction after thyroxine replacement, remain controversial. We aimed to describe the association between hypercholesterolaemia and subclinical hypothyroidism, and to quantify the effect of thyroid substitution therapy by an analysis of previously published intervention studies. ⋯ Thyroid substitution treatment in patients with hypercholesterolaemia and subclinical hypothyroidism decreases total plasma cholesterol by 0.4 mmol/l, but plasma levels remain elevated in most patients. Further treatment with dietary restriction and cholesterol synthesis inhibitors should then be considered.
-
Meta Analysis
Reporting approval by research ethics committees and subjects' consent in human resuscitation research.
To determine how frequently reports of research in human cardiopulmonary resuscitation mention approval by a research ethics committee and address subjects' consent. ⋯ Reports of resuscitation research have not consistently mentioned approval from a research ethics committee or addressed subjects' consent for interventional studies using human subjects. However, they are doing so more frequently in recent years as journal requirements for reporting change. REC approval is now almost always being reported, but subjects' consent is often not addressed. Journal editors and reviewers should ensure that authors adhere to the journal's instructions about reporting ethical conduct of experiments.
-
To measure the incremental cost-effectiveness of various improvements to emergency medical services (EMS) systems aimed at increasing survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. ⋯ The most attractive options in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness were improved response time in a two-tier EMS system or change from a one-tier to a two-tier EMS system. Future research should be directed toward identification of the costs of instituting the first tier of a two-tier EMS system and identification of cost-effective methods of improving response time.
-
Meta Analysis
Effectiveness of emergency medical services for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a metaanalysis.
To determine the relative effectiveness of differences in response time interval, proportion of bystander CPR, and type and tier of emergency medical services (EMS) system on survival after out of hospital cardiac arrest. ⋯ Increased survival to hospital discharge may be associated with decreased response time interval and with the use of a two-tier EMS system as opposed to a one-tier system. The data available for this analysis were suboptimal. Policymakers need more methodologically rigorous research to have more reliable and valid estimates of the effectiveness of different EMS systems.