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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Jun 2012
Implementing a public-private mix model for tuberculosis treatment in urban Pakistan: lessons and experiences.
Six towns of Karachi, Pakistan. ⋯ Public-private mix (PPM) DOTS is feasible in the cities of Pakistan. However, the cost, time and effort required to establish the programme is higher than in many other developing countries.
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Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) · May 2007
Two dissociable aspects of feeling-of-knowing: knowing that you know and knowing that you do not know.
Feeling-of-knowing judgement is traditionally regarded as a unitary cognitive process. However, recent research suggests that knowing that you know (positive feeling-of-knowing) and knowing that you do not know (negative feeling-of-knowing) have different neural substrates (Luo, Niki, Ying, & Luo, 2004). ⋯ At the judgement intervals, positive feeling-of-knowing was based on partial recovery of the nonrecalled targets, whereas negative feeling-of-knowing was determined by familiarity with the retrieval cues. Our results suggest that feeling-of-knowing is a heterogeneous process.
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Standardization of education process and almost every aspect of life in EU moved the authors of this paper to evaluate medical informatics education at medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A very complex political structure and existence of two entities, one district and ten cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina caused great differences in the curricula, teaching methods and quality of acquired knowledge among medical schools in the country. Also, on the example of the teaching process at the Medical School, University of Sarajevo, the authors propose a future united and integrated system in the area. ⋯ Medical informatics education at Medical School, University of Sarajevo, is based on the same concept as on prestigious universities all over the world and in accordance with recommendations of the working groups on education of EFMI and IMIA. Other medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina should employ the same methodology and system of work in order to have standardized education in medical informatics and to achieve high quality in education. To enable us to follow the European and global achievements in this area, the power of fact should predominate in the education system as well as in the health system.
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The interaction between host lymphocytes and graft endothelial cells plays an important role in graft rejection. ⋯ Altogether, our results demonstrate that E-selectin expression (1) is not a consequence of TNF-alpha triggering, (2) up-regulates its own expression and expression of I-A, VCAM-1, TNF-alpha, and lymphotoxin-alpha mRNAs, and (3) down-regulates expression of LFA-3 and ICAM-1 mRNAs. In conclusion, in our physiologic model, the E-selectin highly participates in the loose adhesion of allogeneic lymphocytes and in the early activation of endothelial cell and therefore in structural and functional lung alterations.