Latest Articles
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To examine the effects of sugar on the behavior or cognition of children by using meta-analytic techniques on reported studies. ⋯ The meta-analytic synthesis of the studies to date found that sugar does not affect the behavior or cognitive performance of children. The strong belief of parents may be due to expectancy and common association. However, a small effect of sugar or effects on subsets of children cannot be ruled out.
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Pediatric radiology · Nov 1995
Case Reports Meta AnalysisLymphatic air embolism: a new hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of neonatal systemic air embolism.
Objective. Neonatal systemic air embolism (NSAE) has been thought to result from introduction of air into the pulmonary veins through hypothesized alveolar-capillary fistula. The objective of this paper is to reassess the distribution of intravascular air visualized radiographically in this entity. ⋯ PIE was found to be a very common associated finding in NSAE. Based on our current knowledge of pulmonary lymphatics, radiographic anatomy, and the lymphatic location of PIE, we propose that air within the pulmonary lymphatic system (PIE) gains access to the systemic venous system via lymphatic ducts, which results in the clinical entity NSAE. This readily explains the venous predominance of air in NSAE.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
The advantages of the LMA over the tracheal tube or facemask: a meta-analysis.
A meta-analysis was performed on randomised prospective trials comparing the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with other forms of airway management to determine if the LMA offered any advantages over the tracheal tube (TT) or facemask (FM). Of the 858 LMA publications identified to December 1994, 52 met the criteria for the analysis. Thirty-two different issues were tested using Fisher's method for combining the P values. ⋯ Disadvantages over the TT were lower seal pressures and a higher frequency of gastric insufflation. The only disadvantage compared with the FM was that oesophageal reflux was more likely. The importance of these findings in terms of patient outcome could not be determined from the published data.
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Several studies have examined the effect of early defibrillation by basic EMTs on patient survival. Although the studies have a common theme of early basic EMT defibrillation, they are diverse in locations, devices, control groups, caregivers, and protocols. ⋯ The purpose of this metaanalysis was to examine the published studies of early basic EMT defibrillation to learn whether this treatment has an effect on survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Analysis of the 10 studies that met inclusion criteria showed that despite variations in design, the overall effect size for all the studies was .092, indicating a 9.2% increase in survival over what would have been expected had the EMT-Ds not intervened.