Articles: analgesics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The effects of 2 µg and 4 µg doses of dexmedetomidine in combination with intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine on spinal anesthesia and its postoperative analgesic characteristics.
To compare the postoperative analgesic characteristics and side effects of two different doses of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in combination with hyperbaric bupivacaine, and to evaluate the effects of these combinations on spinal anesthesia. ⋯ Two different doses of dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist with analgesic effects, resulted in an increased duration of analgesia and efficacy, decreased postoperative analgesic use and was associated with no notable adverse effects.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Does neonatal pain management in intensive care units differ between night and day? An observational study.
To determine whether analgesic use for painful procedures performed in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) differs during nights and days and during each of the 6 h period of the day. ⋯ The substantial differences in the use of analgesics around-the-clock may be questioned on quality of care grounds.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Prevalence and characteristics of hospitalized adults on chronic opioid therapy.
As chronic opioid therapy (COT) becomes more common, complexity of pain management in the inpatient setting increases; little is known about medical inpatients on COT. ⋯ COT is common among medical inpatients. Patients on COT differ from patients without COT beyond dissimilarities in pain and cancer diagnoses. Occasional and chronic opioid use are associated with increased risk of hospital readmission, and COT is associated with increased risk of death. Additional research relating COT to hospitalization outcomes is warranted.
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Arthritis care & research · Feb 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyTwice daily versus once nightly dosing of pregabalin for fibromyalgia: a double-blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety.
To compare the efficacy, discontinuation rates, and safety of once nightly versus twice daily dosing of pregabalin in a community-based trial. ⋯ While a nightly dosing schedule of pregabalin has been used by clinicians hoping to improve treatment, this study showed no significant difference (either beneficial or detrimental) between either treatment option. While there was a decrease in total patient-reported adverse events in the once nightly arm, the lack of specificity in relation to a particular adverse event suggested no real difference in adverse events.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2014
Multicenter StudySafety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for long-term sedation in critically ill patients.
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of long-term administration of dexmedetomidine in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Primary endpoint was the incidence of hypotension, hypertension, and bradycardia. Secondary endpoints were withdrawal symptoms, rebound effects, the duration of sedation with Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) ≤ 0 relative to the total infusion time of dexmedetomidine, and the dose of additional sedatives or analgesics. ⋯ Long-term safety of dexmedetomidine compared to its use for 24 h was confirmed. Dexmedetomidine was useful to maintain an adequate sedation level (RASS ≤ 0) during long-term infusion.