Articles: analgesics.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of epidural buprenorphine and clonidine on vesical functions in women.
Buprenorphine (4 micrograms/kg body weight) and clonidine (3 micrograms/kg body weight) were administered epidurally to investigate their effect on vesical function in 20 American Society of Anaesthesiologists Classification I (ASA I) adult females. Cystometry was performed before and 30 minutes following epidural administration of drugs. ⋯ Epidural administration of clonidine did not produce any significant change in the above urodynamic parameters. None of the patients in both groups developed retention of urine.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEquivalent outcomes during postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with lidocaine plus morphine versus morphine alone.
To evaluate a possible opioid-sparing effect of intravenous lidocaine we conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Patients undergoing intraabdominal surgery under general anesthesia were treated with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in three groups: Group 1 (n = 100; morphine 1 mg/mL), Group 2 (n = 44; morphine 1 mg/mL plus lidocaine 10 mg/mL), and Group 3 (n = 51; morphine 1 mg/mL plus lidocaine 20 mg/mL). Pain was evaluated using a 0-10 visual analog scale in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) during deep inhalation at 15 and 30 min, and at 1, 2, and 4 h after arrival in the PACU, and continued after PACU discharge every 4 h for 36 h. ⋯ Along with pain intensity, we assessed vital signs and side effects. Time to acceptance of oral liquids was also determined. Adding lidocaine 10 or 20 mg/mL to PCA morphine 1 mg/mL for acute pain treatment after abdominal surgery yielded no differences in opioid use, pain levels, or side effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of epidural infusions of fentanyl or pethidine with bupivacaine in the management of postoperative pain.
A double-blind randomised clinical trial was undertaken in 40 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Postoperative pain relief was provided using epidural infusions of 0.06% bupivacaine with fentanyl 4 micrograms.ml-1 (n = 20) (group F) or with pethidine 1.5 mg.ml-1 (n = 20) (group P). Postoperative pain scores using a visual analogue scale (0-100 mm) were not significantly different between the two groups. ⋯ Nine patients were withdrawn from the study (four from group F, five from group P) due to failure of the epidural technique or other complications. Fourteen patients, equally distributed, required a total of 24 epidural 'top-ups' by an anaesthetist because of inadequate analgesia. We demonstrated no advantage with epidural pethidine over fentanyl when used by infusion in combination with bupivacaine in the management of postoperative pain.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialRoutine use of fentanyl infusions for pain and stress reduction in infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
To determine whether fentanyl infusions given to premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome reduce stress and improve long- and short-term outcome. ⋯ Although there was a reduction in stress markers in the infants receiving fentanyl, we were unable to demonstrate an improvement in catabolic state or long-term outcome. In addition, the infants receiving fentanyl required higher ventilatory support in the early phase of respiratory distress syndrome than did those receiving placebo.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Preventive analgesia: true of preventing the postoperative pain syndrome].
A total of 152 patients subjected to operations mainly of an orthopaedic profile were divided into 8 groups for the development of the optimal method of preventive analgesia. The best results were attained by combined use of opiate premedication, regional blocking as a component of anesthesiologic care, and parenteral diclophenak-Na before and after the operation. 31.5% of patients in this group did not need any postoperative analgesia. ⋯ Preventive analgesia reduced the incidence of phantom pain syndrome after limb amputation in patients with the preamputation pain from 63.3 to 25.1%. The postoperative pain syndrome may be prevented if the factors determining it (preoperative pain, intraoperative nociceptive stimulation, and perioperative tissue inflammation) are eliminated simultaneously.