Articles: analgesics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Different opioids in patients at cardiovascular risk. Comparison of central and peripheral hemodynamic adverse effects].
Efficient analgesia may be the major objective in the cardiovascular risk patient following myocardial infarction, acute occlusion of peripheral vessels, or dissection/perforation of major abdominal vessels. It was the purpose of the study to investigate the haemodynamic and respiratory side effects of eight different opioids in 57 circulatory risk patients prior to major vascular surgery. METHODS. ⋯ CONCLUSIONS. For interpretation of the results, factors such as respiratory depression, histamine release, secretion of endogenous catecholamines, and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction have to be discussed. Tramadol, an opioid with moderate potency, seems to offer some advantages due to its minor cardiovascular and respiratory side effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of TENS on pain, medications, and pulmonary function following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
The efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as an adjunct to narcotic medications for the management of postoperative pain was assessed in a prospective, randomized, controlled study of patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with the right or left internal thoracic artery (ITA). Forty-five male patients (mean age, 57 +/- 6 years) were randomly assigned to (1) TENS, (2) placebo TENS, or (3) control treatments (n = 15 each), following extubation and during the 24- to 72-h postoperative period. ⋯ All six criterion measures were characterized by significant changes over time for the entire group (n = 45; time main effect; p < 0.01), as follows: pain and medication intake were similar on days 1 and 2, but were significantly less on day 3, and pulmonary functions were significantly lower than preoperatively on day 1, decreased further on day 2, and despite an improvement on day 3, remained significantly lower than preoperative values (p < 0.01). This study suggests that the addition of TENS, applied continuously during the immediate postoperative period following CABG with ITA, may not be advantageous in pain management or the prevention of pulmonary dysfunction.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Nov 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSingle-blind comparative analgesic and safety study of single doses of intramuscularly administered ketorolac tromethamine and pethidine hydrochloride in patients with pain following orthopaedic surgery.
Ketorolac tromethamine, a potent non-narcotic prostaglandin synthetase inhibiting analgesic was compared with pethidine for relief of moderate to severe postoperative pain. Forty-eight patients received Ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg and 52 received pethidine 1.25 mg/kg. The degree of pain prior to the administration of the drug and pain relief that followed were quantified using a vertical visual analogue scale (VAS) and monitored at hourly intervals. ⋯ The incidence of side effects was significantly greater with pethidine (40.4%) as compared to Ketorolac (10.4%). The similar analgesic efficacy to pethidine makes Ketorolac an appropriate drug for the relief of postoperative pain especially in day surgery settings where observation following administration of the drug as in the case of pethidine can be dispensed with and patients sent home earlier because of the minimal side effects associated with its use. Caution must be exercised with the use of large doses of Ketorolac especially if the drug is used for more than 5 days to avoid serious complications like renal failure and gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialOpiate detoxification of methadone maintenance patients using lefetamine, clonidine and buprenorphine.
Thirty-nine methadone maintenance patients were included in a 9-day, double blind, randomized, inpatient detoxification trial. Methadone was tapered to 10 mg/day and then patients were assigned to one of these 3 protocols: clonidine (0.3-0.9 mg/day), lefetamine (60-240 mg/day), buprenorphine (0.15-0.9 mg/day). ⋯ Clonidine was more effective than lefetamine in suppressing withdrawal in the first 3 days of treatment (day 3: F = 4.10 df = 2, 30 P < 0.05), and this trend was apparent on the objective and psychological items. In addition to evaluations of the efficacy of the single drugs used, the study showed that tapering methadone to low doses before entering the pharmacologically assisted discontinuation phase was clinically acceptable in detoxification from long-term methadone treatment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Evaluation of the antipyretic effect of ketorolac, acetaminophen, and placebo in endotoxin-induced fever.
The authors studied the antipyretic effect of three intramuscular doses of ketorolac (15, 30, and 60 mg), acetaminophen 650 mg PO, and placebo in healthy male volunteers using an endotoxin-induced fever model. In this double-blind, double-dummy, parallel study, subjects were assigned randomly with equal probability to one of the above treatment groups. Thirty minutes after study medication administration, a 20 unit per kilogram dose of reference standard endotoxin (RSE) was administered intravenously, and temperature was determined every 15 minutes for an 8-hour period. ⋯ Furthermore, the 30 mg intramuscular dose of ketorolac demonstrated approximately the same antipyretic activity as the 650 mg oral dose of acetaminophen, and there was a statistically significant dose response across the three ketorolac doses studied (P < .0001). The majority of side effects reported during this study were symptoms associated with fever, including chills, headache, myalgia, and dizziness, all of which are effects of RSE. The frequency of side effects tended to be less in the treatment groups with the greatest antipyretic activity.