Articles: analgesics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Patient-controlled postoperative analgesia with alfentanil. Adaptive, on-demand intravenous alfentanil or pethidine compared double-blind for postoperative pain.
A double-blind study comparing alfentanil and pethidine given intravenously by an adaptive, patient-controlled on-demand analgesic system is described. It was demonstrated that, despite its well-known rapid onset of effect, alfentanil took several hours to achieve good quality analgesia. ⋯ Alfentanil was associated with significantly less sedation during the postoperative period than pethidine, and was also associated with a significantly greater urine output during the 24-hour period of study. There was no evidence of tolerance or accumulation with either of the two drugs.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA double-blind comparison of multiple intramuscular doses of ciramadol, morphine, and placebo for the treatment of postoperative pain.
Ciramadol, an agonist-antagonist analgesic (in intramuscular doses of 30 and 60 mg) was compared with 10 mg of morphine and placebo in a double-blind, parallel study in 160 patients with postoperative pain. The patients were assigned randomly to one of the four treatment groups and could receive a dose of the medication every 3 hr as needed for 48 hr; a maximum of six doses was allowed in a 24-hr period. Formal efficacy assessments using standard pain intensity and pain relief scales were restricted to the initial dose period. ⋯ Sedation was slightly higher with the active therapies than with placebo. Changes in vital signs were minimal. It is concluded that 60 mg of ciramadol compares favorably with 10 mg of morphine as a postoperative analgesic.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Nov 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPostextraction pain relief in children: a clinical trial of liquid analgesics.
Our objective was to evaluate the relative efficacies of four liquid analgesics in children, five to twelve years of age, following dental extractions. The analgesics, acetaminophen elixir (240 or 360 mg), acetaminophen with codeine elixir (240 mg and 24 mg, respectively), aluminum ibuprofen suspension (200 mg), and placebo liquid were administered at home, as a single dose, in a randomized double-blind study design. Of the 154 patients enrolled, 45 were evaluated, 39 patients never required medication, 12 were lost to follow-up, and 8 were excluded for other reasons. ⋯ The global rating of drug efficacy was statistically superior for aluminum ibuprofen. The majority of patients in all four groups were pain-free after four hours. No adverse reactions were reported during the study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy of the extradural administration of lofentanil, buprenorphine or saline in the management of postoperative pain. A double-blind study.
Sixty postoperative orthopaedic patients were randomly assigned to three equal groups to study, in a double-blind fashion, the analgesic effects, durations of action and side effects of the extradural administration of lofentanil 5 micrograms, buprenorphine 0.3 mg or physiological saline. No systemic analgesics were given before, during or after surgery, and all the patients had operations on the lower extremities under extradural analgesia (lignocaine and bupivacaine). ⋯ We observed a long duration of action and a marked analgesic effect with lofentanil, a shorter duration of action and less pain suppression with buprenorphine and a rather marked placebo effect after saline. The only side effect noticed in this study was drowsiness in three patients in the lofentanil group and in two patients in the buprenorphine group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Zomepirac, dihydrocodeine and placebo compared in postoperative pain after day-case surgery. The relationship between the effects of single and multiple doses.
Zomepirac 100 mg and dihydrocodeine 30 mg were compared with placebo in a controlled randomized, double-blind, single-dose postoperative study. Patients continued to receive either zomepirac or dihydrocodeine for pain relief for 5 days at home in a double-blind study, being allowed to titrate the consumption of tablets to their degree of pain. ⋯ In the multiple dosing phase, zomepirac was statistically better than dihydrocodeine. Non-parametric statistical tests indicated highly significant correlations between single- and multiple-dose analgesic measurements for both zomepirac and dihydrocodeine.