Articles: analgesics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy of treating pain to reduce behavioural disturbances in residents of nursing homes with dementia: cluster randomised clinical trial.
To determine whether a systematic approach to the treatment of pain can reduce agitation in people with moderate to severe dementia living in nursing homes. ⋯ A systematic approach to the management of pain significantly reduced agitation in residents of nursing homes with moderate to severe dementia. Effective management of pain can play an important part in the treatment of agitation and could reduce the number of unnecessary prescriptions for psychotropic drugs in this population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01021696 and Norwegian Medicines Agency EudraCTnr 2008-007490-20.
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Bmc Pregnancy Childb · Jan 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyThe IDvIP trial: a two-centre randomised double-blind controlled trial comparing intramuscular diamorphine and intramuscular pethidine for labour analgesia.
Intramuscular pethidine is routinely used throughout the UK for labour analgesia. Studies have suggested that pethidine provides little pain relief in labour and has a number of side effects affecting mother and neonate. It can cause nausea, vomiting and dysphoria in mothers and can cause reduced fetal heart rate variability and accelerations. Neonatal effects include respiratory depression and impaired feeding. There are few large studies comparing the relative side effects and efficacy of different opioids in labour. A small trial comparing intramuscular pethidine with diamorphine, showed diamorphine to have some benefits over pethidine when used for labour analgesia but the study did not investigate the adverse effects of either opioid. ⋯ If the trial demonstrates that diamorphine provides better analgesia with fewer side effects in mother and neonate this could lead to a change in national practice and result in diamorphine becoming the preferred intramuscular opioid for analgesia in labour.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous ibuprofen (i.v.-ibuprofen) in the management of postoperative pain following abdominal hysterectomy.
Ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used to block pain and inflammation in a variety of settings. Contrarily, opioid analgesia does not block the inflammatory component of pain and the use of these agents can be accompanied by serious side effects. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen (i.v.-ibuprofen) as a postoperative analgesic. ⋯ This study demonstrated that i.v.-ibuprofen is an effective analgesic medication that is safe and well tolerated when administered as an 800 mg dose every 6 hours in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy surgery.
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Multicenter Study
The Bowel Function Index for evaluating constipation in pain patients: definition of a reference range for a non-constipated population of pain patients.
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a severe, persisting side-effect of opioid therapy. The Bowel Function Index (BFI(a), numerical analogue scale 0 - 100), calculated as the mean of three variables (ease of defaecation, feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation, and personal judgement of constipation) was developed to evaluate bowel function in opioid-treated patients with pain. This clinician-administered tool allows easy measurement of OIC from the patient's perspective. ⋯ The BFI scores were assessed and compared with those of patients with confirmed OIC obtained from two previously published trials. Results were analysed and a reference range of BFI values of 0 - 28.8, into which 95% of non-constipated chronic pain patients fell, was defined. This permits discrimination between chronic pain patients with, or without, constipation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Investigation of the clinical efficacy and safety of pregabalin alone or combined with tolterodine in female subjects with idiopathic overactive bladder.
To assess the efficacy and safety of pregabalin alone or in combination with tolterodine extended release (ER) in subjects with idiopathic OAB. ⋯ Pregabalin, alone or with tolterodine ER may offer an alternative treatment option for idiopathic OAB in women.