Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparing the Effects of Two Different Levels of Hyperoxygenation on Gas Exchange During Open Endotracheal Suctioning: A Randomized Crossover Study.
Endotracheal suctioning is required for mechanically ventilated patients to maintain a patent airway. Studies show that open endotracheal suctioning affects respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of hyperoxygenation with FIO2 + 0.20 above baseline and hyperoxygenation with FIO2 1.0 in preventing hypoxemia, and to determine the impact of open endotracheal suctioning on the pulmonary ventilation of critical subjects receiving mechanical ventilatory support. ⋯ In mechanically ventilated adult subjects, hyperoxygenation with FIO2 + 0.20 above baseline prevents hypoxemia. Also, transient changes in pulmonary ventilation with open circuit suctioning were confirmed by volumetric capnography analysis. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02440919).
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An update of evidence-based guidelines concerning liberation from mechanical ventilation is needed as new evidence has become available. The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) have collaborated to provide recommendations to clinicians concerning liberation from the ventilator. ⋯ The guideline panel provided recommendations for inspiratory pressure augmentation during an initial SBT, protocols minimizing sedation, and preventative NIV, in relation to ventilator liberation.
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Nursing in critical care · Jan 2017
ReviewOptimal support techniques when providing mechanical ventilation to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of acute diffuse lung injury characterized by severe inflammation, increased pulmonary vascular permeability and a loss of aerated lung tissue. The effects of high fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) include oxygen toxicity manifested by damage to the lung parenchyma in the acute phase of lung injury. There is still a high mortality rate among this group of patients, so clinically sensitive evidence-based interventions are paramount to maximize survival chances during critical care. ⋯ It is important that nurses have underlying knowledge of both aetiology of ARDS and ventilation management, and that they monitor patients very closely. The adoption of a low tidal ventilation protocol, which is based on quality evidence guidelines, the value of rescue therapies and patient observation practices in the overall patient management, and the need to place emphasis on long-term patient outcomes, all these emerge as key factors for consideration and future research. However, there is also a need for more research that would explore the unique contribution of nurses in the management of this patient group, as it is difficult to discern this in the current literature.
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This clinical practice guideline addresses six questions related to liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. It is the result of a collaborative effort between the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST). ⋯ The panel provides recommendations regarding liberation from mechanical ventilation. The details regarding the evidence and rationale for each recommendation are presented in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and CHEST.
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Critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) often are malnourished. The aim of this study was to determine the role of nutritional status on admission as a predictor of the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill children. ⋯ Malnutrition, based on a variety of anthropometric variables, was associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation in this cohort of critically ill children. Assessment of nutritional status by anthropometry should be performed on admission to the PICU to allow targeted nutritional rehabilitation for the subset of children with existing malnutrition.