Articles: opioid-analgesics.
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Regional anesthesia · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialInhibition of epidural morphine-induced pruritus by intravenous droperidol. The effect of increasing the doses of morphine and of droperidol.
Because the mechanism of inhibition of epidural morphine-induced pruritus by droperidol is not clear, this study was undertaken to determine the effects of larger doses of droperidol or morphine, or both. ⋯ Pruritus caused by epidural use of 2 or 4 mg of morphine is inhibited by the intravenous use of 2.5 mg droperidol but not by a larger dose.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Post-operative pain relief in children following extraction of carious deciduous teeth under general anaesthesia: a comparison of nalbuphine and diclofenac.
In a randomized double-blind study 60 children, undergoing the extraction of carious deciduous teeth under day-case general anaesthesia, were assigned to receive either intravenous nalbuphine hydrochloride 0.3 mg kg-1 (n = 21), one or more diclofenac suppositories 12.5 mg to a dose of 1-2 mg kg-1 (n = 19), or no analgesia (n = 20). The duration of anaesthesia was longer in the diclofenac group (9.6 min, SD 3.5) compared with control (7.2 min, SD 2.6) and nalbuphine (6.9 min, SD 3.0) groups respectively (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in post-operative pain scores during the 45 min post-operative period studied between the three groups using an objective pain score. We conclude that using this methodology we were unable to demonstrate any statistically significant differences between the analgesic effects of either intravenous (i.v.) nalbuphine or diclofenac suppositories compared with control.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Analgesic efficacy of controlled-release oxycodone in postoperative pain.
The efficacy and safety of graded doses (10, 20, and 30 mg) of controlled-release (CR) oxycodone was compared with that of immediate-release (IR) oxycodone (15 mg), immediate-release oxycodone 10 mg in combination with acetaminophen 650 mg (APAP), and placebo in a single-dose, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. The participants, 182 inpatients experiencing moderate to severe pain after abdominal or gynecologic surgery, provided hourly ratings of pain intensity and relief for 12 hours after administration. All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo for many hourly measurements and for the sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) and total pain relief (TOTPAR). ⋯ Duration of pain relief showed that the 10-, 20-, and 30-mg doses of CR oxycodone had durations of action of 10 to 12 hours compared with IR oxycodone and oxycodone plus APAP (both approximately 7 hours). Typical adverse events, particularly somnolence, occurred in all active treatment groups. Treatment with CR oxycodone was safe and effective in this study, and its characteristics will be beneficial in the treatment of pain.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of epidural buprenorphine and clonidine on vesical functions in women.
Buprenorphine (4 micrograms/kg body weight) and clonidine (3 micrograms/kg body weight) were administered epidurally to investigate their effect on vesical function in 20 American Society of Anaesthesiologists Classification I (ASA I) adult females. Cystometry was performed before and 30 minutes following epidural administration of drugs. ⋯ Epidural administration of clonidine did not produce any significant change in the above urodynamic parameters. None of the patients in both groups developed retention of urine.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSustained-release ibuprofen as an adjunct to morphine patient-controlled analgesia.
Previous studies have demonstrated reduced postoperative morphine requirements and/or improved pain relief when nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are administered in conjunction with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). This double-blind study aimed to determine whether these effects could be obtained with a sustained-release ibuprofen formulation (Brufen Retard) given preoperatively, obviating the need for oral administration during the early postoperative period. We aimed also to determine whether the anticipated reduction in morphine requirements was associated with reduced opioid side effects. ⋯ Morphine consumption was slightly but not significantly lower in the ibuprofen group (32 vs 38 mg/24 h, P = 0.096). Spo2 (P = 0.54), level of consciousness (P = 0.65), and number of antiemetic administrations (P = 0.15) did not differ significantly between groups. These results demonstrate improved efficacy with no increase in side effects when sustained-release ibuprofen is used as an adjunct to morphine PCA.