Articles: obstetric-forceps-adverse-effects.
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Obstetric forceps adverse effects
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Mar 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialFactors predicting severe perineal trauma during childbirth: role of forceps delivery routinely combined with mediolateral episiotomy.
Anal sphincter injury and its sequelae are a recognized complication of vaginal childbirth. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for third- and fourth-degree perineal tears in patients undergoing either spontaneous or vaginal-assisted delivery by forceps routinely combined with mediolateral episiotomy. ⋯ In consistence with previous reports, women who are vaginally delivered of a large infant are at a high risk for sphincter damage. Although the rate of these complications was surprisingly low in vaginally assisted childbirth, the use of forceps, even if routinely combined with mediolateral episiotomy, should be minimized whenever possible.