Articles: bipolar-disorder-pathology.
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The hippocampus has been implicated in various mood disorders, with global volume deficits consistently found in patient populations. The hippocampus, however, consists of anatomically distinct subfields, and examination of specific subfield differences may elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms behind psychiatric pathologies. Indeed, adult studies have reported smaller hippocampal subfield volumes in regions within the cornu ammonis (CA1 and CA4), dentate gyrus (DG), and hippocampal tails in both patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls. ⋯ Children and adolescents with BD were found to have significantly smaller volumes in the right CA1, CA4, and right subiculum, as well as the bilateral granule cell layer (GCL), molecular layer (ML), and hippocampal tails. The volume of the right subiculum in BD patients was also found to be negatively correlated with illness duration. Overall, the findings from this cross-sectional study provide evidence for specific hippocampal subfield volume differences in children and adolescents with BD compared to healthy controls and suggest progressive reductions with increased illness duration.
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Bipolar Disorder (BD) cannot be reliably distinguished from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) until the first manic or hypomanic episode. Consequently, many patients with BD are treated with antidepressants without mood stabilizers, a strategy that is often ineffective and carries a risk of inducing a manic episode. We previously reported reduced cortical thickness in right precuneus, right caudal middle-frontal cortex and left inferior parietal cortex in BD compared with MDD. ⋯ Our results add to previously published data which suggest that regional gray matter volume should be investigated further as a clinical diagnostic tool to predict BD before the appearance of a manic or hypomanic episode.
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Schizophrenia bulletin · Jan 2018
Comparative StudyNeurobiological Commonalities and Distinctions Among Three Major Psychiatric Diagnostic Categories: A Structural MRI Study.
Schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are distinct diagnostic categories in current psychiatric nosology, yet there is increasing evidence for shared clinical and biological features in these disorders. No previous studies have examined brain structural features concurrently in these 3 disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the extent of shared and distinct brain alterations in SZ, BD, and MDD. We examined gray matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) integrity in a total of 485 individuals (135 with SZ, 86 with BD, 108 with MDD, and 156 healthy controls [HC]) who underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at a single site. ⋯ Our findings of common alterations in SZ, BD, and MDD support the presence of core neurobiological disruptions in these disorders and suggest that neural structural distinctions between these disorders may be less prominent than initially postulated, particularly between SZ and BD.
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Molecular psychiatry · Sep 2017
Effects of ANK3 variation on gray and white matter in bipolar disorder.
The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9804190 in the Ankyrin G (ANK3) gene has been reported in genome-wide association studies to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD). However, the neural system effects of rs9804190 in BD are not known. We investigated associations between rs9804190 and gray and white matter (GM and WM, respectively) structure within a frontotemporal neural system implicated in BD. ⋯ DTI ROI-based analysis revealed a significant diagnosis by genotype interaction within the uncinate fasciculus (P⩽0.05), with BD subjects carrying the T (risk) allele showing decreased fractional anisotropy compared with other subgroups, independent of age. Genotype effects were not observed in frontotemporal GM volume. These findings support effects of rs9804190 on frontotemporal WM in adolescents and adults with BD and suggest a mechanism contributing to WM pathology in BD.
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Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · Apr 2017
Altered apolipoprotein C expression in association with cognition impairments and hippocampus volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Proteomic analyses facilitate the interpretation of molecular biomarker probes which are very helpful in diagnosing schizophrenia (SZ). In the current study, we attempt to test whether potential differences in plasma protein expressions in SZ and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with cognitive deficits and their underlying brain structures. Forty-two plasma proteins of 29 SZ patients, 25 BD patients and 93 non-clinical controls were quantified and analysed using multiple reaction monitoring-based triple quadrupole mass spectrometry approach. ⋯ However, none of the protein level differences were related to clinical symptom severity. In summary, altered apolipoprotein expression in BD and SZ was linked to cognitive decline and underlying morphological changes in both disorders. Our results suggest that the detection of molecular patterns in association with cognitive performance and its underlying brain morphology is of great importance for understanding of the pathological mechanisms of SZ and BD, as well as for supporting the diagnosis and treatment of both disorders.