Articles: bipolar-disorder-pathology.
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White matter abnormalities have been implicated in mental disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ); however, the shared and distinct white matter integrity across mental disorders is still unclear. ⋯ Our findings suggest that abnormally reduced white matter integrity in the interhemispheric and thalamocortical circuit could be consistently involved in the pathogenesis of MDD, BD and SZ.
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This study aimed to investigate abnormalities in the gray matter and white matter (GM and WM, respectively) that are shared between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). We used 3T-magnetic resonance imaging to examine patients with SZ, BD, or healthy control (HC) subjects (aged 20-50 years, N = 65 in each group). We generated modulated GM maps through voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for T1-weighted images and skeletonized fractional anisotropy, mean diffusion, and radial diffusivity maps through tract-based special statistics (TBSS) methods for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. ⋯ The two disorders had WM alterations in the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, internal capsule, external capsule, posterior thalamic radiation, and fornix. However, we observed no differences in GM volume or WM integrity between SZ and BD. The study results suggest that GM volume deficits in the thalamus and insular lobe along with widespread disruptions of WM integrity might be the common neural mechanisms underlying the pathologies of SZ and BD.
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Alterations in hippocampal structure and function are present in bipolar disorder (BD). Childhood trauma is associated with risk for BD, and the several subfields of the hippocampus are differentially sensitive to the effects of stressors of the sort associated with risk for BD. The current study therefore sought to test the hypothesis that childhood trauma may be differentially associated with abnormal hippocampal subfield volumes in BD. ⋯ Childhood trauma demonstrates differential effects on hippocampal subfield volumes of BD and HC, particularly in hippocampal subfields involved in emotion regulation.
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The hippocampus is not a uniform structure, but rather consists of multiple, functionally specialized subfields. Few studies have explored hippocampal subfield volume difference in the same sample of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) cases. We aimed to investigate the difference of hippocampal subfield volume between patents with MDD and BD and healthy controls (HCs). ⋯ We observed hippocampal subfield volume reductions in both MDD and BD, a finding which more prominent in MDD. The inverse correlation between BD illness duration and hippocampal subfield volume may evidence the neuroprogressive nature of BD.
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J Psychiatry Neurosci · Jan 2019
Meta AnalysisPsychoradiologic abnormalities of white matter in patients with bipolar disorder: diffusion tensor imaging studies using tract-based spatial statistics
An increasing number of psychoradiology studies that use tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of diffusion tensor imaging have reported abnormalities of white matter in patients with bipolar disorder; however, robust conclusions have proven elusive, especially considering some important clinical and demographic factors. In the present study, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis of TBSS studies to elucidate the most consistent white-matter abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder. ⋯ Our study consistently identified decreased FA in the genu and body of the corpus callosum, suggesting that interhemispheric communication may be the connectivity most affected in patients with bipolar disorder.