Articles: analgesia.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · May 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe addition of pethidine to epidural bupivacaine in labour--effect of changing bupivacaine strength.
The effects of varying the strength of bupivacaine used in epidurals for the relief of labour pain was examined. The trial randomly allocated sixty women in the first stage of labour to one of three groups. All women were of ASA status 1 or 2 and had uncomplicated pregnancies. ⋯ This study suggests that when epidural pethidine 25 mg is added to local anaesthetic solutions of bupivacaine, adequate analgesia for the first stage of labour is achieved with the 0.125% bupivacaine solution. The use of stronger solutions of bupivacaine achieves no greater degree of analgesia nor longer duration of action, although the onset of analgesia may be faster with the stronger solutions. Further investigations are needed to determine if 25 mg of pethidine is the best choice of dose to use under these circumstances.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · May 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEfficacy of lignocaine in alleviating potassium chloride infusion pain.
A double-blind study was set up to investigate the effect of pretreatment with lignocaine on the incidence of potassium chloride infusion pain. Twenty-eight patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Patients in both groups were hypokalaemic and were scheduled for replacement consisting of potassium chloride 20 mmol diluted to 100 ml in dextrose 5% solution administered over two hours. ⋯ The incidence of potassium chloride infusion pain was significantly reduced in Group A. There was no adverse effect reported. This study demonstrates the efficacy of bolus dose of lignocaine in alleviating injection pain for the duration of a two-hour continuous infusion.
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Regional anesthesia · May 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of epidural analgesia on colorectal anastomotic healing and colonic motility.
To examine the effect of epidural local anesthetic and narcotic agents on colonic anastomotic healing. ⋯ These findings suggest in this model that postoperative epidural analgesia is a safe technique after colorectal resection and anastomosis.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1992
Pharmacokinetics of clonidine after epidural administration in surgical patients. Lack of correlation between plasma concentration and analgesia and blood pressure changes.
The pharmacokinetics of epidural clonidine 150 micrograms was studied in 13 patients who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy. Plasma clonidine concentrations were measured up to 19 h in eight patients. In another five patients frequent blood sampling was performed only during the first 20 min to define early vascular uptake better. ⋯ Thereafter, pain scores were not significantly different from the control score. We conclude that epidural clonidine 150 micrograms produces only moderate and short-lived postoperative analgesia. Absorption of clonidine from the epidural space into the blood is very rapid and may contribute to the hypotension that occurs.
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Six children with a mean age of 10.6 years (range, 7 to 16 years) underwent thoracotomy for pulmonary and esophageal procedures. Postoperatively, continuous paravertebral block using an infusion of bupivacaine via an extrapleural catheter was used. ⋯ There were no pulmonary complications and no complications related to the continuous extrapleural infusion. We conclude that continuous paravertebral block is an effective and safe method for ++post-thoracotomy pain relief in children.