Articles: adult.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2014
ReviewRole of novel drugs in sedation outside the operating room: dexmedetomidine, ketamine and remifentanil.
Progress in medical technology, diagnostic procedures and imaging techniques results in a growing demand for well tolerated sedation regimens, devoid of respiratory and haemodynamic complications. Moreover, rapid turnover time dictates the need for rapid onset of effect and rapid recovery. Recent literature regarding the use of dexmedetomidine, ketamine and remifentanil for sedation outside the operating room is reviewed. As procedural sedation is often performed by nonanaesthesiologists, articles from journals other than anaesthesiology journals are also included. ⋯ Recent literature is reviewed regarding dexmedetomidine, ketamine and remifentanil for its use outside the operating room. Sedationists have to keep in mind the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the currently used agents in adults and children.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2014
ReviewThe Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed at Reducing Anxiety in Health Care Waiting Spaces: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials.
Reducing waiting anxiety is an important objective of patient-centered care. Anxiety is linked to negative health outcomes, including longer recovery periods, lowered pain thresholds, and for children in particular, resistance to treatment, nightmares, and separation anxiety. The goals of this study were (1) to systematically review published research aimed at reducing preprocedural waiting anxiety, and (2) to provide directions for future research and development of strategies to manage preprocedural waiting anxiety in health care environments. ⋯ Music is a well-established means of decreasing anxiety in adult patients awaiting medical interventions. The effect of music on children's anxiety is not known. Limited studies and heterogeneity of interventions and methods in the areas of aromatherapy, interior design, digital media, and play opportunities (for children) suggest the need for future research.
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Review
Management and Diagnosis of Psycogenic Cough, Habit Cough, and Tic Cough: A Systematic Review.
Several pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapeutic options have been used to treat cough that is not associated with a pulmonary or extrapulmonary etiology. ⋯ Only low-quality evidence exists to support a particular strategy to define and treat psychogenic, habit, and tic cough. Patient values, preferences, and availability of potential therapies should guide treatment choice.
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Although the incidence of acute pancreatitis among children is less than that in adults, the physical and psychosocial impact on children and their families can be overwhelming. Pancreatitis is manifested as pain accompanied by a host of other complex issues. ⋯ Management after discharge from the hospital is often an ongoing stress for these patients and families, and multiple admissions to the intensive care unit may be necessary for feeding and pain complications. Presented in the context of an actual clinical case at a 500-bed tertiary care pediatric hospital, this patient's scenario illustrates the importance of ensuring adequate nutrition, maintaining hydration, providing appropriate pain management, and preventing infection and thromboembolic events.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults can resemble, and often co-occurs with, bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). This can lead to mistaken diagnoses and ineffective treatment, resulting in potentially serious adverse consequences. All three conditions can substantially impair well-being and functioning, while BD and BPD are associated with suicidality. ⋯ It is important to accurately diagnose ADHD, BD, and BPD to ensure correct targeting of treatments and improvements in patient outcomes. However, there is a shortage of data about treatment of adults with ADHD and comorbid BD or BPD.