Articles: neuronavigation.
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The fundamental role of technological instruments in contemporary Neurosurgery is undisputed, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents one of the best examples. The use of a modern high-field magnet and the possibility to match the MRI with an operative microscope and an integrated neuronavigation system has led to successful results in the surgical treatment of different diseases. At our institute, we have performed surgery routinely with the aid of intraoperative MRI over the last 15 years. ⋯ Furthermore, the possibility performing an intraoperative scan allows a comparison with preoperative images and, subsequently, the updating of the surgical strategy. Intraoperative diffusion-weighted imaging can detect possible territorial ischemia that would be amenable to intensive treatment. Although increased costs, increased surgical times, increased anesthesiology times, and the possible increased risk of surgical infection may represent some major limitation, the use of intraoperative MRI-equipped operative theaters with integrated neuronavigation systems can prove extremely helpful in the management of neurovascular conditions.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2018
ReviewIntraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma.
Extent of resection is considered to be a prognostic factor in neuro-oncology. Intraoperative imaging technologies are designed to help achieve this goal. It is not clear whether any of these sometimes very expensive tools (or their combination) should be recommended as standard care for people with brain tumours. We set out to determine if intraoperative imaging technology offers any advantage in terms of extent of resection over standard surgery and if any one technology was more effective than another. ⋯ Intra-operative imaging technologies, specifically iMRI and 5-ALA, may be of benefit in maximising extent of resection in participants with high grade glioma. However, this is based on low to very low quality evidence, and is therefore very uncertain. The short- and long-term neurological effects are uncertain. Effects of image-guided surgery on overall survival, progression-free survival, and quality of life are unclear. A brief economic commentary found limited economic evidence for the equivocal use of iMRI compared with conventional surgery. In terms of costs, a non-systematic review of economic studies suggested that compared with standard surgery use of image-guided surgery has an uncertain effect on costs and that 5-aminolevulinic acid was more costly. Further research, including studies of ultrasound-guided surgery, is needed.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Insertion among Three Image-Guided Navigation Systems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Many retrospective studies of pedicle screw placement have revealed that intraoperative navigation systems provide higher accuracy rates and safety than do free-hand techniques. The accuracy of various image-guided navigation systems has been studied; however, differences have not been well defined due to the lack of adequate evidence-based comparative studies. ⋯ Significant differences exist among CT Nav, 3D FluoroNav, and 2D FluoroNav. Our review suggests that 3D FluoroNav may be superior to the other 2 methods in reducing pedicle violation and that clinicians should consider 3D FluoroNav as a better choice.
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Augmented reality (AR) superimposes computer-generated virtual objects onto the user's view of the real world. Among medical disciplines, neurosurgery has long been at the forefront of image-guided surgery, and it continues to push the frontiers of AR technology in the operating room. ⋯ Significant challenges to surgical AR exist, including compounded sources of registration error, impaired depth perception, visual and tactile temporal asynchrony, and operator inattentional blindness. Nevertheless, the ability to accurately display multiple three-dimensional datasets congruently over the area where they are most useful, coupled with future advances in imaging, registration, display technology, and robotic actuation, portend a promising role for AR in the neurosurgical operating room.
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Review Case Reports
Is complex sphenoidal sinus anatomy a contraindication to a transsphenoidal approach for resection of sellar lesions? Presentation of a case series and review of the literature.
The transsphenoidal approach is considered the gold standard for resection of pituitary adenomas and other sellar region lesions. This approach is guided by a few fundamental anatomic landmarks that conduct the surgeon toward the sellar floor. Some anatomic structures may vary a lot (e.g., intrasphenoidal septa, intercarotid distance) and may be difficult to identify. Pneumatization and conformation of the sphenoidal sinus (SS) plays a key role in accessing the floor of the sella and other skull base structures. A poorly pneumatized SS may be a relative contraindication to the transsphenoidal approach. We analyzed outcome and complications in transsphenoidal surgery for sellar lesions with a difficult SS. ⋯ Patients with a poorly pneumatized SS can be treated safely with a transsphenoidal approach using image guidance techniques to avoid major neurovascular complications.