Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured on CT scan has been shown to predict outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. No such relation has been studied in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC). We evaluated ONSD on admission CT scan to predict outcomes of patients undergoing DC along with Rotterdam CT Score (RCTS). ⋯ Admission ONSD in DC patients is high but does not predict mortality and unfavorable outcomes. RCTS has a better prognostic value for predicting mortality and unfavorable outcomes in DC patients.
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Neurorehabil Neural Repair · Feb 2016
Cortical Stimulation Concurrent With Skilled Motor Training Improves Forelimb Function and Enhances Motor Cortical Reorganization Following Controlled Cortical Impact.
Electrical and magnetic brain stimulation can improve motor function following stroke in humans, rats, and nonhuman primates, especially when paired with rehabilitative training (RT). Previously, we found in rodent stroke models that epidural electrical cortical stimulation (CS) of the ipsilesional motor cortex (MC) combined with motor RT enhances motor function and motor cortical plasticity. It was unknown whether CS following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) would have similar effects. ⋯ These data suggest that CS may be useful for improving rehabilitation efficacy after TBI but also raise the possibility that the CS parameters that are highly effective following stroke are suboptimal after moderate/severe TBI.
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Some healthy athletes report high levels of baseline concussion symptoms, which may be attributable to several factors (eg, illness, personality, somaticizing). However, the role of baseline symptoms in outcomes after sport-related concussion (SRC) has not been empirically examined. ⋯ Reported baseline symptoms may help identify athletes at risk for worse outcomes after SRC. Clinicians should examine baseline symptom levels to better identify patients for earlier referral and treatment for their injury. Additional investigation of baseline symptoms is warranted to help delineate the type and severity of premorbid symptoms.
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The Quality Of Life after BRain Injury (QOLIBRI) consortium has developed a short six-item scale (QOLIBRI-OS) to screen health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury. The goal of the current study is to examine further psychometric qualities of the Quality Of Life after BRain Injury-Overall Scale (QOLIBRI-OS) at the item level using Rasch analysis with particular emphasis on the operating characteristics of the items. ⋯ The results show that, despite marginal misfits to the model, the six items representing the QOLIBRI-OS could establish a Rasch scale.
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Comparative Study
Greater neurobehavioral deficits occur in adult mice after repeated, as compared to single, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for the majority of all brain injuries and affected individuals typically experience some extent of cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric deficits. Given that repeated mTBIs often result in worsened prognosis, the cumulative effect of repeated mTBIs is an area of clinical concern and on-going pre-clinical research. Animal models are critical in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of single and repeated mTBI-associated deficits, but the neurobehavioral sequelae produced by these models have not been well characterized. ⋯ We found that the repeated mTBI mice demonstrated deficits in MWM testing and poorer performance on species-typical behaviors. While neither single nor repeated mTBI affected behavior in the EPM or FST, sleep disturbances were observed after both single and repeated mTBI. Here, we conclude that behavioral alterations shown after repeated mTBI resemble several of the deficits or disturbances reported by patients, thus demonstrating the relevance of this murine model to study repeated mTBIs.