Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem, for which there are no approved therapies. Advances in acute clinical care have improved post-TBI survival, yet many patients are left with chronic TBI-related disabilities (i.e. chronic TBI). ⋯ Cell therapies have neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects which are believed to modify the disease. In this article, we review the safety and efficacy of cell therapies in early-phase clinical studies that have shown potential to improve outcomes in acute to chronic phases of TBI.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pre-hospital tracheal intubation in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a leading cause of death, particularly in young adults. Severe TBI contributes to significant socioeconomic burden secondary to the long-term disability, impacting the individual and their family, and wider society. The aim of this study was to determine whether establishing a pre-hospital definitive airway was beneficial to mortality and morbidity when compared with no pre-hospital airway. ⋯ CRD42021234439.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prognostic Models in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This review aimed to analyze the results of investigations that performed external validation or that compared prognostic models to identify the models and their variations that showed the best performance in predicting mortality, survival, and unfavorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, TROVE, and Open Grey databases were searched. A total of 1616 studies were identified and screened, and 15 studies were subsequently included for analysis after applying the selection criteria. ⋯ The area under the curve meta-analysis showed similarity between the CRASH and IMPACT models and their variations for predicting mortality and unfavorable outcomes. Calibration results showed that the variations of CRASH and IMPACT models demonstrated adequate calibration in most studies for both outcomes, but without a clear indication of uncertainties in the evaluations of these models. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the choice of prognostic models for clinical application may depend on the availability of predictors, characteristics of the population, and trauma care services.
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We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the current scientific evidence supporting the use of invasive neurostimulation in the treatment of deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as to identify future directions for research and highlight important questions that remain unaddressed. Neurostimulation is a treatment modality with expanding applications in modern medical practice. Targeted electrical stimulation of specific brain regions has been shown to increase synaptogenesis and enhance structural reorganization of neuronal networks. ⋯ Looking forward, it will be important to identify stimulation targets and paradigms that can maximize improvement over multiple functional domains. It will also be important to corroborate the observed behavioral improvements with histological, electrophysiological, and radiological evidence. Finally, the impact of biological variables such as sex and age on the treatment outcomes needs to be explored.
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The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review for understanding the availability and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that could automatically identify and quantify computed tomography (CT) findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ We identified several important TBI-related CT findings that can be automatically identified and quantified with AI. A combination of these techniques may provide useful tools to enhance reproducibility of TBI identification and quantification by supporting radiologists and clinicians in their TBI assessments and reducing subjective human factors.