Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Nov 2016
Predictors of the On-Road Driving Assessment After Traumatic Brain Injury: Comparing Cognitive Tests, Injury Factors, and Demographics.
(1) To examine the relations between performance on cognitive tests and on-road driving assessment in a sample of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). (2) To compare cognitive predictors of the on-road assessment with demographic and injury-related predictors. ⋯ Cognitive tests are not reliable predictors of the on-road driving assessment outcome. Traumatic brain injury severity may be a better predictor of on-road driving; however, further research is needed to identify the best predictors of driving behavior after TBI.
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J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · Nov 2016
Recovery of episodic memory subprocesses in mild and complicated mild traumatic brain injury at 1 and 12 months post injury.
Episodic memory complaints are commonly reported after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The contributions of specific memory subprocesses (encoding, consolidation, and retrieval), however, are not well understood in mild TBI (mTBI). In the present study, we evaluated subprocesses of episodic memory in patients with mTBI using the item-specific deficit approach (ISDA), which analyzes responses on list learning tasks at an item level. We also conducted exploratory analyses to evaluate the effects of complicated mTBI (comp-mTBI) on memory. ⋯ These findings indicate that, while the NC-mTBI and HC groups' performances were comparable by 12 months, a primary, long-term deficit in encoding of auditory verbal information remained problematic in the comp-mTBI group.
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Academic pediatrics · Nov 2016
Injuries Associated With Strollers and Carriers Among Children in the United States, 1990 to 2010.
To describe the incidence, rate, and characteristics of injuries associated with strollers and carriers among young children in the United States. ⋯ Stroller- and carrier-related injuries, specifically those resulting from falls from the product or tip-overs, are important sources of injury for children 5 years of age and younger. Although injuries over the 21-year study period decreased overall, the considerable number of injuries annually shows the need to further reduce the potential for injury associated with these ubiquitous products.
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Therapeutic decompressive craniectomy (TDC) controls increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Its role was controversial until its successful introduction to treat malignant middle cerebral artery ischemia. However, standardization of size and site of TDC remains controversial. This study was designed to evaluate whether size and site matter in TDC. ⋯ The size of a TDC is very important in reducing increased ICP. The size should be tailored to the level of increased ICP and the likelihood of further brain swelling postoperatively. A smaller TDC should be located more anteriorly to control increased ICP. Although location is not as important when increased ICP is >30 mm Hg and TDC size ≥8.3 cm is required.
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Neurological research · Nov 2016
Hippocampal neuronal degeneration in the traumatic brain injury mouse: non-trivial effect of scalp incision.
In experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic hippocampal neuronal degeneration in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), and/or the cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) regions are regarded as the most notable phenotypic appearances relating to the pathophysiology of human post-concussion syndrome. However, these morphological changes are often also seen in subjects without TBI, namely 'sham' groups. The frequencies and reasons of appearance of hippocampal neuronal degeneration in mice with TBI and/or sham are not clear. ⋯ Scalp incision, rather than external impact force, might affect the CA1 hippocampal neuronal degeneration in mice with TBI. In addition, factor(s) other than external impact force or scalp incision may also cause hippocampal neuronal degeneration in both CA1 and CA3. Careful interpretation is needed concerning hippocampal neuronal degeneration induced by a weight drop device observed in mice with TBI.