Articles: disease.
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As an increasing age-related eye disease, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is becoming a common cause of irreversible visual loss in elder population. The mechanism of AMD remains uncertain and covers a complex risk factors. Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is a sensitive parameter obtained by enhanced depth imaging of optical coherence tomography which allows the choroid in more detail and accurate assessment in the pathogenesis of AMD. The objective of this current study is to evaluate choroidal structural alternations measured by CVI in AMD. ⋯ INPLASY.
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Patients reporting high PD-L1 expression have shown to respond well to immunotherapy; however, some patients develop hyperprogressive disease upon initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We report a patient with lung cancer and 100% PD-L1 expression who developed hyperprogressive disease while treated with pembrolizumab and responded well to salvage chemotherapy with carboplatin and pemetrexed. ⋯ Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hyperprogressive disease may respond to second-line salvage chemotherapy. Complete PD-L1 expression loss was observed after the patient's treatment and could be a marker of hyperprogressive disease or tumor immunoevasion.
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Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with a high risk of physical and mental illness such as anxiety, depression, personality disorders, eating disorders, and abnormal mood changes. During the pandemic, SUD, a significant problem related to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is affecting adolescents. The recent available literature also emphasizes understanding the relationship between mental illness and SUD. ⋯ The systematic review will be carried out on published articles, so it is exempt from ethics approval. The Center for Open Science (OSF) will be used as a data repository during the preparation of the protocol and completion of the systematic review. The research findings will be published in a related peer-reviewed journal.
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Editorial
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: A Major Pathogenic Driver in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Despite the fact that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a common downstream mechanism of all fibrosing diseases, whether it represents a leading process in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has been widely discussed and is still a matter of debate. According to the most recent advances, EMT is thought to be mainly driven by the overexpression of several developmental pathways upstream of dysfunctional epithelial regeneration, which indeed normally occurs after damage and during tissue turnover. Future research should likely be directed at investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial dysfunction, in order to allow for both the removal of the wording "idiopathic" from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ("IPF") and for the identification of earlier and more effective therapeutic targets than the late process of fibrosis.
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Observational Study
Intrajejunal vs oral levodopa-carbidopa therapy in Parkinson disease: A retrospective cohort study.
Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a method of continuous administration of levodopa - the standard treatment in Parkinson disease (PD, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, gait impairment, and bradykinesia), thought to reduce the short-life and pulsatile problems of oral administration. We aimed to study the effects of Levodopa-Carbidopa therapy in 2 separate groups: one with intrajejunal administration of Levodopa-Carbidopa gel and the second with oral therapy. ⋯ There was a 41.7% (10) reduction in dyskinesia, and 29.2% reduction in wearing off/on-off at 1 year in the LCIG group compared to 0% (0) dyskinesia reduction, and 2.7% reduction in wearing off/on-off in the oral therapy group. Continuous intrajejunal infusion of LCIG ensures a significant and clinical reduction in motor fluctuations compared to oral therapy in advanced PD, even after adjustment for important confounders.