Articles: disease.
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B-cell lymphomas occur with an incidence of 20 new cases per 100 000 people per year in high-income countries. They can affect any organ and are characterised by heterogeneous clinical presentations and courses, varying from asymptomatic, to indolent, to very aggressive cases. ⋯ This Seminar provides an overview of the pathobiology, classification, and prognostication of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and summarises the current knowledge and standard of care regarding biology and clinical management of the most common subtypes of mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It also highlights new findings in deciphering the molecular background of disease development and the implementation of new therapeutic approaches, particularly those targeting the immune system.
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), particularly in neonates, infants and young children, with approximately 33 million infections worldwide each year. 1-2% of episodes lead to hospitalization. There are hardly any reliable epidemiological figures on hospitalization in adults, whose burden of disease from RSV is probably markedly underestimated. ⋯ The approval of new RSV-specific monoclonal antibodies and active vaccinations enables targeted prevention of RSV infection in the main population groups at risk.
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The older population is increasing worldwide, and life expectancy is continuously rising, predominantly thanks to medical and technological progress. Healthspan refers to the number of years an individual can live in good health. From a gerontological viewpoint, the mission is to extend the life spent in good health, promoting well-being and minimizing the impact of aging-related diseases to slow the aging process. ⋯ This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge on targeting senescent cells to reduce the risk of age-related disease in animal models and their translational potential for humans. We focused on studies that have examined the potential role of senotherapeutics in slowing the aging process and modifying age-related disease burdens. The review concludes with a general discussion of the mechanisms underlying this unique trajectory and its implications for future research.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Apr 2024
ReviewRecent advances in noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis.
Due to the steatosis epidemic, noninvasive quantification of liver fat content is of great interest. Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, including proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) and MR chemical shift imaging can quantify liver fat by measuring, directly or indirectly (the latter), the proton density fat fraction (PDFF). They have shown excellent diagnostic accuracy and are currently the reference standard for the noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis and are used in clinical trials for evaluating the change in liver fat over time. ⋯ Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), which estimates the attenuation of the US beam, was the first algorithm available and is performed with a non-imaging system. Currently, several other algorithms are available on B-mode imaging ultrasound systems, and they have shown an accuracy similar to or higher than the CAP. This article reports the current knowledge about their application in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
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Valvular heart disease (VHD) is becoming more prevalent in an ageing population, leading to challenges in diagnosis and management. This two-part Series offers a comprehensive review of changing concepts in VHD, covering diagnosis, intervention timing, novel management strategies, and the current state of research. The first paper highlights the remarkable progress made in imaging and transcatheter techniques, effectively addressing the treatment paradox wherein populations at the highest risk of VHD often receive the least treatment. ⋯ In addition, efforts have been undertaken to engineer heart valve tissue and provide a living valve conduit capable of growth and biological integration. Overall, these advances emphasise the importance of early detection, personalised management, and cutting-edge interventions to optimise outcomes amid the evolving landscape of VHD. Although several challenges must be overcome, these breakthroughs represent opportunities to advance patient-centred investigations.